Personalized Graphene Oxide-Protein Corona in the Human Plasma of Pancreatic Cancer Patients
The protein corona (PC) that forms around nanomaterials upon exposure to human biofluids (e.g., serum, plasma, cerebral spinal fluid etc.) is personalized, i.e., it depends on alterations of the human proteome as those occurring in several cancer types. This may relevant for early cancer detection w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00491/full |
| _version_ | 1818428840121204736 |
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| author | Riccardo Di Santo Luca Digiacomo Erica Quagliarini Anna Laura Capriotti Aldo Laganà Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi Damiano Caputo Chiara Cascone Roberto Coppola Daniela Pozzi Giulio Caracciolo |
| author_facet | Riccardo Di Santo Luca Digiacomo Erica Quagliarini Anna Laura Capriotti Aldo Laganà Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi Damiano Caputo Chiara Cascone Roberto Coppola Daniela Pozzi Giulio Caracciolo |
| author_sort | Riccardo Di Santo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The protein corona (PC) that forms around nanomaterials upon exposure to human biofluids (e.g., serum, plasma, cerebral spinal fluid etc.) is personalized, i.e., it depends on alterations of the human proteome as those occurring in several cancer types. This may relevant for early cancer detection when changes in concentration of typical biomarkers are often too low to be detected by blood tests. Among nanomaterials under development for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) testing, Graphene Oxide (GO) is regarded as one of the most promising ones due to its intrinsic properties and peculiar behavior in biological environments. While recent studies have explored the binding of single proteins to GO nanoflakes, unexplored variables (e.g., GO lateral size and protein concentration) leading to formation of GO-PC in human plasma (HP) have only marginally addressed so far. In this work, we studied the PC that forms around GO nanoflakes of different lateral sizes (100, 300, and 750 nm) upon exposure to HP at several dilution factors which extend over three orders of magnitude from 1 (i.e., undiluted HP) to 103. HP was collected from 20 subjects, half of them being healthy donors and half of them diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) a lethal malignancy with poor prognosis and very low 5-year survival rate after diagnosis. By dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC MS/MS) experiments we show that the lateral size of GO has a minor impact, if any, on PC composition. On the other side, protein concentration strongly affects PC of GO nanoflakes. In particular, we were able to set dilution factor of HP in a way that maximizes the personalization of PC, i.e., the alteration in the protein profile of GO nanoflakes between cancer vs. non-cancer patients. We believe that this study shall contribute to a deeper understanding of the interactions among GO and HP, thus paving the way for the development of IVD tools to be used at every step of the patient pathway, from prognosis, screening, diagnosis to monitoring the progression of disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:08:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-892efb3dfa3244b49f91f57fd4042dc5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:08:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-892efb3dfa3244b49f91f57fd4042dc52022-12-21T22:56:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852020-05-01810.3389/fbioe.2020.00491536082Personalized Graphene Oxide-Protein Corona in the Human Plasma of Pancreatic Cancer PatientsRiccardo Di Santo0Luca Digiacomo1Erica Quagliarini2Anna Laura Capriotti3Aldo Laganà4Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi5Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi6Damiano Caputo7Chiara Cascone8Roberto Coppola9Daniela Pozzi10Giulio Caracciolo11Nanodelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyNanodelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyBiomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsNetherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, NetherlandsGeneral Surgery Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, ItalyGeneral Surgery Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, ItalyGeneral Surgery Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, ItalyNanodelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyNanodelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyThe protein corona (PC) that forms around nanomaterials upon exposure to human biofluids (e.g., serum, plasma, cerebral spinal fluid etc.) is personalized, i.e., it depends on alterations of the human proteome as those occurring in several cancer types. This may relevant for early cancer detection when changes in concentration of typical biomarkers are often too low to be detected by blood tests. Among nanomaterials under development for in vitro diagnostic (IVD) testing, Graphene Oxide (GO) is regarded as one of the most promising ones due to its intrinsic properties and peculiar behavior in biological environments. While recent studies have explored the binding of single proteins to GO nanoflakes, unexplored variables (e.g., GO lateral size and protein concentration) leading to formation of GO-PC in human plasma (HP) have only marginally addressed so far. In this work, we studied the PC that forms around GO nanoflakes of different lateral sizes (100, 300, and 750 nm) upon exposure to HP at several dilution factors which extend over three orders of magnitude from 1 (i.e., undiluted HP) to 103. HP was collected from 20 subjects, half of them being healthy donors and half of them diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) a lethal malignancy with poor prognosis and very low 5-year survival rate after diagnosis. By dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC MS/MS) experiments we show that the lateral size of GO has a minor impact, if any, on PC composition. On the other side, protein concentration strongly affects PC of GO nanoflakes. In particular, we were able to set dilution factor of HP in a way that maximizes the personalization of PC, i.e., the alteration in the protein profile of GO nanoflakes between cancer vs. non-cancer patients. We believe that this study shall contribute to a deeper understanding of the interactions among GO and HP, thus paving the way for the development of IVD tools to be used at every step of the patient pathway, from prognosis, screening, diagnosis to monitoring the progression of disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00491/fullprotein coronananoparticlesgraphene oxidepancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaprecision medicine |
| spellingShingle | Riccardo Di Santo Luca Digiacomo Erica Quagliarini Anna Laura Capriotti Aldo Laganà Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi Damiano Caputo Chiara Cascone Roberto Coppola Daniela Pozzi Giulio Caracciolo Personalized Graphene Oxide-Protein Corona in the Human Plasma of Pancreatic Cancer Patients Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology protein corona nanoparticles graphene oxide pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma precision medicine |
| title | Personalized Graphene Oxide-Protein Corona in the Human Plasma of Pancreatic Cancer Patients |
| title_full | Personalized Graphene Oxide-Protein Corona in the Human Plasma of Pancreatic Cancer Patients |
| title_fullStr | Personalized Graphene Oxide-Protein Corona in the Human Plasma of Pancreatic Cancer Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Personalized Graphene Oxide-Protein Corona in the Human Plasma of Pancreatic Cancer Patients |
| title_short | Personalized Graphene Oxide-Protein Corona in the Human Plasma of Pancreatic Cancer Patients |
| title_sort | personalized graphene oxide protein corona in the human plasma of pancreatic cancer patients |
| topic | protein corona nanoparticles graphene oxide pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma precision medicine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00491/full |
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