Assessment and Calibration of ERA5 Severe Winds in the Atlantic Ocean Using Satellite Data
In this paper, we analyze the surface winds of ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis in the Atlantic Ocean. The first part addresses a reanalysis validation, studying the spatial distribution of the errors and the performance as a function of the percentiles, with a further investigation under cyclonic conditions....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4918 |
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| author | Ricardo M. Campos Carolina B. Gramcianinov Ricardo de Camargo Pedro L. da Silva Dias |
| author_facet | Ricardo M. Campos Carolina B. Gramcianinov Ricardo de Camargo Pedro L. da Silva Dias |
| author_sort | Ricardo M. Campos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we analyze the surface winds of ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis in the Atlantic Ocean. The first part addresses a reanalysis validation, studying the spatial distribution of the errors and the performance as a function of the percentiles, with a further investigation under cyclonic conditions. The second part proposes and compares two calibration models, a simple least-squares linear regression (LR) and the quantile mapping method (QM). Our results indicate that ERA5 provides high-quality winds for non-extreme conditions, especially at the eastern boundaries, with bias between −0.5 and 0.3 m/s and RMSE below 1.5 m/s. The reanalysis errors are site-dependent, where large RMSE and severe underestimation are found in tropical latitudes and locations following the warm currents. The most extreme winds in tropical cyclones show the worst results, with RMSE above 5 m/s. Apart from these areas, the strong winds at extratropical locations are well represented. The bias-correction models have proven to be very efficient in removing systematic bias. The LR works well for low-to-mild wind intensities while the QM is better for the upper percentiles and winds above 15 m/s—an improvement of 10% in RMSE and 50% for the bias compared to the original reanalysis is reported. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:13:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-894b20e67df2438bafe7d87dc21807d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:13:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-894b20e67df2438bafe7d87dc21807d32023-11-23T21:40:53ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-10-011419491810.3390/rs14194918Assessment and Calibration of ERA5 Severe Winds in the Atlantic Ocean Using Satellite DataRicardo M. Campos0Carolina B. Gramcianinov1Ricardo de Camargo2Pedro L. da Silva Dias3Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USAInstitute for Coastal Systems Analysis and Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyDepartamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1226, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1226, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, BrazilIn this paper, we analyze the surface winds of ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis in the Atlantic Ocean. The first part addresses a reanalysis validation, studying the spatial distribution of the errors and the performance as a function of the percentiles, with a further investigation under cyclonic conditions. The second part proposes and compares two calibration models, a simple least-squares linear regression (LR) and the quantile mapping method (QM). Our results indicate that ERA5 provides high-quality winds for non-extreme conditions, especially at the eastern boundaries, with bias between −0.5 and 0.3 m/s and RMSE below 1.5 m/s. The reanalysis errors are site-dependent, where large RMSE and severe underestimation are found in tropical latitudes and locations following the warm currents. The most extreme winds in tropical cyclones show the worst results, with RMSE above 5 m/s. Apart from these areas, the strong winds at extratropical locations are well represented. The bias-correction models have proven to be very efficient in removing systematic bias. The LR works well for low-to-mild wind intensities while the QM is better for the upper percentiles and winds above 15 m/s—an improvement of 10% in RMSE and 50% for the bias compared to the original reanalysis is reported.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4918marine surface windssatellite datareanalysis calibrationcyclonic windsbias correction |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo M. Campos Carolina B. Gramcianinov Ricardo de Camargo Pedro L. da Silva Dias Assessment and Calibration of ERA5 Severe Winds in the Atlantic Ocean Using Satellite Data Remote Sensing marine surface winds satellite data reanalysis calibration cyclonic winds bias correction |
| title | Assessment and Calibration of ERA5 Severe Winds in the Atlantic Ocean Using Satellite Data |
| title_full | Assessment and Calibration of ERA5 Severe Winds in the Atlantic Ocean Using Satellite Data |
| title_fullStr | Assessment and Calibration of ERA5 Severe Winds in the Atlantic Ocean Using Satellite Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment and Calibration of ERA5 Severe Winds in the Atlantic Ocean Using Satellite Data |
| title_short | Assessment and Calibration of ERA5 Severe Winds in the Atlantic Ocean Using Satellite Data |
| title_sort | assessment and calibration of era5 severe winds in the atlantic ocean using satellite data |
| topic | marine surface winds satellite data reanalysis calibration cyclonic winds bias correction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4918 |
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