Waterborne exposure during non-consumptive domestic use of surface water: a population study across WASH service levels in rural India
Exposure to pathogens from domestic use of surface water is understudied. In many low- and middle-income countries, surface water is used for hygiene, sanitation, amenity, and recreational purposes. In this study, self-reported use of and structured observations at community ponds were collected to...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IWA Publishing
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Water and Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/6/751 |
| _version_ | 1827903924255850496 |
|---|---|
| author | Miles E. Daniels Ashirbad Pradhan Mitsunori Odagiri Marion W. Jenkins |
| author_facet | Miles E. Daniels Ashirbad Pradhan Mitsunori Odagiri Marion W. Jenkins |
| author_sort | Miles E. Daniels |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exposure to pathogens from domestic use of surface water is understudied. In many low- and middle-income countries, surface water is used for hygiene, sanitation, amenity, and recreational purposes. In this study, self-reported use of and structured observations at community ponds were collected to measure waterborne exposure across water and sanitation service levels in a rural population of Khorda District, India. Overall, 86% of households (n = 200) reported using ponds on a regular basis. Among observed people (n = 765), 82% put water into their mouth at least once, with a median frequency of five occurrences per visit. Reported and observation data were combined to estimate the proportion (p) of the population that put water in their mouth at least once per day, and their mean daily rate of oral exposure (OE). These were highest for individuals with neither safely managed water nor basic sanitation access (p = 93%, OE = 14 day−1), but still high among those with both (p = 67%, OE = 6 day−1). The results suggest widespread exposure to waterborne pathogens in settings where non-potable surface water bodies continue to be used for domestic purposes, even among households with access to safely managed drinking water.
HIGHLIGHTS
Structured observations and household survey data were combined to examine domestic use of surface water bodies in rural India.;
Results suggest domestic use of surface water may be widespread in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries despite improved access to water.;
Exposure to pathogens in surface water from domestic use represents an understudied health risk.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:20:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-894ba77f2ed741528065d909f2a79e68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1477-8920 1996-7829 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:20:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-894ba77f2ed741528065d909f2a79e682023-07-11T16:08:44ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water and Health1477-89201996-78292023-06-0121675176210.2166/wh.2023.309309Waterborne exposure during non-consumptive domestic use of surface water: a population study across WASH service levels in rural IndiaMiles E. Daniels0Ashirbad Pradhan1Mitsunori Odagiri2Marion W. Jenkins3 Institute of Marine Sciences, Fisheries Collaborative Program, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA Regional Resource Centre for RMNCH + A, Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College and Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Jakarta 12920, Indonesia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Exposure to pathogens from domestic use of surface water is understudied. In many low- and middle-income countries, surface water is used for hygiene, sanitation, amenity, and recreational purposes. In this study, self-reported use of and structured observations at community ponds were collected to measure waterborne exposure across water and sanitation service levels in a rural population of Khorda District, India. Overall, 86% of households (n = 200) reported using ponds on a regular basis. Among observed people (n = 765), 82% put water into their mouth at least once, with a median frequency of five occurrences per visit. Reported and observation data were combined to estimate the proportion (p) of the population that put water in their mouth at least once per day, and their mean daily rate of oral exposure (OE). These were highest for individuals with neither safely managed water nor basic sanitation access (p = 93%, OE = 14 day−1), but still high among those with both (p = 67%, OE = 6 day−1). The results suggest widespread exposure to waterborne pathogens in settings where non-potable surface water bodies continue to be used for domestic purposes, even among households with access to safely managed drinking water. HIGHLIGHTS Structured observations and household survey data were combined to examine domestic use of surface water bodies in rural India.; Results suggest domestic use of surface water may be widespread in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries despite improved access to water.; Exposure to pathogens in surface water from domestic use represents an understudied health risk.;http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/6/751domestic useexposurepathogensruralsurface waterwash |
| spellingShingle | Miles E. Daniels Ashirbad Pradhan Mitsunori Odagiri Marion W. Jenkins Waterborne exposure during non-consumptive domestic use of surface water: a population study across WASH service levels in rural India Journal of Water and Health domestic use exposure pathogens rural surface water wash |
| title | Waterborne exposure during non-consumptive domestic use of surface water: a population study across WASH service levels in rural India |
| title_full | Waterborne exposure during non-consumptive domestic use of surface water: a population study across WASH service levels in rural India |
| title_fullStr | Waterborne exposure during non-consumptive domestic use of surface water: a population study across WASH service levels in rural India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Waterborne exposure during non-consumptive domestic use of surface water: a population study across WASH service levels in rural India |
| title_short | Waterborne exposure during non-consumptive domestic use of surface water: a population study across WASH service levels in rural India |
| title_sort | waterborne exposure during non consumptive domestic use of surface water a population study across wash service levels in rural india |
| topic | domestic use exposure pathogens rural surface water wash |
| url | http://jwh.iwaponline.com/content/21/6/751 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT milesedaniels waterborneexposureduringnonconsumptivedomesticuseofsurfacewaterapopulationstudyacrosswashservicelevelsinruralindia AT ashirbadpradhan waterborneexposureduringnonconsumptivedomesticuseofsurfacewaterapopulationstudyacrosswashservicelevelsinruralindia AT mitsunoriodagiri waterborneexposureduringnonconsumptivedomesticuseofsurfacewaterapopulationstudyacrosswashservicelevelsinruralindia AT marionwjenkins waterborneexposureduringnonconsumptivedomesticuseofsurfacewaterapopulationstudyacrosswashservicelevelsinruralindia |