Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female Athletes
Female athletes who follow a diet that fails to meet energy and nutrient needs are at risk for musculoskeletal injuries, menstrual disturbances, and poor sports performance. Common nutritional concerns for the female athlete include low energy availability (EA) (i.e., energy intake from food remaini...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Sports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/4/4/50 |
| _version_ | 1798003620465082368 |
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| author | Lynn Cialdella-Kam Danielle Kulpins Melinda M. Manore |
| author_facet | Lynn Cialdella-Kam Danielle Kulpins Melinda M. Manore |
| author_sort | Lynn Cialdella-Kam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Female athletes who follow a diet that fails to meet energy and nutrient needs are at risk for musculoskeletal injuries, menstrual disturbances, and poor sports performance. Common nutritional concerns for the female athlete include low energy availability (EA) (i.e., energy intake from food remaining for metabolic processes after accounting for energy expended during exercise) and inadequate dietary intakes (i.e., not meeting sports nutrition guidelines) of carbohydrates, protein, essential fatty acids (EFAs), B-vitamins, calcium, iron, and vitamin D. Low EA and the associated nutrient deficiencies are more common in athletes who compete in weight-sensitive sports (i.e., aesthetic, gravitational, and weight category sports) because low body fat and mass confer a competitive advantage. Other athletes at risk for energy and nutrient deficits include athletes following a vegetarian or gluten-free diet (GFD). Careful dietary planning can help an athlete meet energy and nutrient needs. This review covers the nutrition issues associated with low EA and special diets (i.e., vegetarian and GFD) and describes strategies to help female athletes meet their energy and nutrient needs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:10:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-894f186e41ca4572b9b968ce4e44a384 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:10:50Z |
| publishDate | 2016-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj.art-894f186e41ca4572b9b968ce4e44a3842022-12-22T04:24:37ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632016-10-01445010.3390/sports4040050sports4040050Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female AthletesLynn Cialdella-Kam0Danielle Kulpins1Melinda M. Manore2School of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, WG 48, 2109 Aldebert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106-4954, USASchool of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, WG 48, 2109 Aldebert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106-4954, USASchool of Biological and Population Sciences, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USAFemale athletes who follow a diet that fails to meet energy and nutrient needs are at risk for musculoskeletal injuries, menstrual disturbances, and poor sports performance. Common nutritional concerns for the female athlete include low energy availability (EA) (i.e., energy intake from food remaining for metabolic processes after accounting for energy expended during exercise) and inadequate dietary intakes (i.e., not meeting sports nutrition guidelines) of carbohydrates, protein, essential fatty acids (EFAs), B-vitamins, calcium, iron, and vitamin D. Low EA and the associated nutrient deficiencies are more common in athletes who compete in weight-sensitive sports (i.e., aesthetic, gravitational, and weight category sports) because low body fat and mass confer a competitive advantage. Other athletes at risk for energy and nutrient deficits include athletes following a vegetarian or gluten-free diet (GFD). Careful dietary planning can help an athlete meet energy and nutrient needs. This review covers the nutrition issues associated with low EA and special diets (i.e., vegetarian and GFD) and describes strategies to help female athletes meet their energy and nutrient needs.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/4/4/50energy availabilitybone healthamenorrheasports performancedisordered eatingactive females |
| spellingShingle | Lynn Cialdella-Kam Danielle Kulpins Melinda M. Manore Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female Athletes Sports energy availability bone health amenorrhea sports performance disordered eating active females |
| title | Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female Athletes |
| title_full | Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female Athletes |
| title_fullStr | Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female Athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female Athletes |
| title_short | Vegetarian, Gluten-Free, and Energy Restricted Diets in Female Athletes |
| title_sort | vegetarian gluten free and energy restricted diets in female athletes |
| topic | energy availability bone health amenorrhea sports performance disordered eating active females |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/4/4/50 |
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