Demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness.
Auditory cues can create the illusion of self-motion (vection) in the absence of visual or physical stimulation. The present study aimed to determine whether auditory cues alone can also elicit motion sickness and how auditory cues contribute to motion sickness when added to visual motion stimuli. T...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4077751?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819106929246470144 |
|---|---|
| author | Behrang Keshavarz Lawrence J Hettinger Robert S Kennedy Jennifer L Campos |
| author_facet | Behrang Keshavarz Lawrence J Hettinger Robert S Kennedy Jennifer L Campos |
| author_sort | Behrang Keshavarz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Auditory cues can create the illusion of self-motion (vection) in the absence of visual or physical stimulation. The present study aimed to determine whether auditory cues alone can also elicit motion sickness and how auditory cues contribute to motion sickness when added to visual motion stimuli. Twenty participants were seated in front of a curved projection display and were exposed to a virtual scene that constantly rotated around the participant's vertical axis. The virtual scene contained either visual-only, auditory-only, or a combination of corresponding visual and auditory cues. All participants performed all three conditions in a counterbalanced order. Participants tilted their heads alternately towards the right or left shoulder in all conditions during stimulus exposure in order to create pseudo-Coriolis effects and to maximize the likelihood for motion sickness. Measurements of motion sickness (onset, severity), vection (latency, strength, duration), and postural steadiness (center of pressure) were recorded. Results showed that adding auditory cues to the visual stimuli did not, on average, affect motion sickness and postural steadiness, but it did reduce vection onset times and increased vection strength compared to pure visual or pure auditory stimulation. Eighteen of the 20 participants reported at least slight motion sickness in the two conditions including visual stimuli. More interestingly, six participants also reported slight motion sickness during pure auditory stimulation and two of the six participants stopped the pure auditory test session due to motion sickness. The present study is the first to demonstrate that motion sickness may be caused by pure auditory stimulation, which we refer to as "auditorily induced motion sickness". |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T02:45:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-897508ae43114030a46f7b55fbed259d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T02:45:57Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-897508ae43114030a46f7b55fbed259d2022-12-21T18:41:32ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0197e10101610.1371/journal.pone.0101016Demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness.Behrang KeshavarzLawrence J HettingerRobert S KennedyJennifer L CamposAuditory cues can create the illusion of self-motion (vection) in the absence of visual or physical stimulation. The present study aimed to determine whether auditory cues alone can also elicit motion sickness and how auditory cues contribute to motion sickness when added to visual motion stimuli. Twenty participants were seated in front of a curved projection display and were exposed to a virtual scene that constantly rotated around the participant's vertical axis. The virtual scene contained either visual-only, auditory-only, or a combination of corresponding visual and auditory cues. All participants performed all three conditions in a counterbalanced order. Participants tilted their heads alternately towards the right or left shoulder in all conditions during stimulus exposure in order to create pseudo-Coriolis effects and to maximize the likelihood for motion sickness. Measurements of motion sickness (onset, severity), vection (latency, strength, duration), and postural steadiness (center of pressure) were recorded. Results showed that adding auditory cues to the visual stimuli did not, on average, affect motion sickness and postural steadiness, but it did reduce vection onset times and increased vection strength compared to pure visual or pure auditory stimulation. Eighteen of the 20 participants reported at least slight motion sickness in the two conditions including visual stimuli. More interestingly, six participants also reported slight motion sickness during pure auditory stimulation and two of the six participants stopped the pure auditory test session due to motion sickness. The present study is the first to demonstrate that motion sickness may be caused by pure auditory stimulation, which we refer to as "auditorily induced motion sickness".http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4077751?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Behrang Keshavarz Lawrence J Hettinger Robert S Kennedy Jennifer L Campos Demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness. PLoS ONE |
| title | Demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness. |
| title_full | Demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness. |
| title_fullStr | Demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness. |
| title_short | Demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness. |
| title_sort | demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4077751?pdf=render |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT behrangkeshavarz demonstratingthepotentialfordynamicauditorystimulationtocontributetomotionsickness AT lawrencejhettinger demonstratingthepotentialfordynamicauditorystimulationtocontributetomotionsickness AT robertskennedy demonstratingthepotentialfordynamicauditorystimulationtocontributetomotionsickness AT jenniferlcampos demonstratingthepotentialfordynamicauditorystimulationtocontributetomotionsickness |