Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M Type Antibodies of Different Origins from the Immunologic and Clinical Viewpoints and Their Application in Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection
Antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR) hinders patient prognosis after organ transplantation. Current studies concerning AMR have mainly focused on the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-type donor-specific antihuman leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs), primarily because of their antige...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/1/4 |
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| author | Yoshiko Matsuda Takahisa Hiramitsu Xiao-kang Li Takeshi Watanabe |
| author_facet | Yoshiko Matsuda Takahisa Hiramitsu Xiao-kang Li Takeshi Watanabe |
| author_sort | Yoshiko Matsuda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR) hinders patient prognosis after organ transplantation. Current studies concerning AMR have mainly focused on the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-type donor-specific antihuman leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs), primarily because of their antigen specificity, whereas the clinical significance of immunoglobulin M (IgM)-type DSAs has not been thoroughly investigated in the context of organ transplantation because of their nonspecificity against antigens. Although consensus regarding the clinical significance and role of IgM antibodies is not clear, as discussed in this review, recent findings strongly suggest that they also have a huge potential in novel diagnostic as well as therapeutic application for the prevention of AMR. Most serum IgM antibodies are known to comprise natural antibodies with low affinity toward antigens, and this is derived from B-1 cells (innate B cells). However, some of the serum IgM-type antibodies reportedly also produced by B-2 cells (conventional B cells). The latter are known to have a high affinity for donor-specific antigens. In this review, we initially discuss how IgM-type antibodies of different origins participate in the pathology of various diseases, directly or through cell surface receptors, complement activation, or cytokine production. Then, we discuss the clinical applicability of B-1 and B-2 cell-derived IgM-type antibodies for controlling AMR with reference to the involvement of IgM antibodies in various pathological conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:50:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8977b842f0a446839e4038e0a5567625 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:50:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-8977b842f0a446839e4038e0a55676252023-11-21T02:11:59ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-12-01101410.3390/pathogens10010004Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M Type Antibodies of Different Origins from the Immunologic and Clinical Viewpoints and Their Application in Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft RejectionYoshiko Matsuda0Takahisa Hiramitsu1Xiao-kang Li2Takeshi Watanabe3Division of Transplant Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanDepartment of Transplant and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross-Hospital, Aichi 466-8650, JapanDivision of Transplant Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanLaboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, JapanAntibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR) hinders patient prognosis after organ transplantation. Current studies concerning AMR have mainly focused on the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-type donor-specific antihuman leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs), primarily because of their antigen specificity, whereas the clinical significance of immunoglobulin M (IgM)-type DSAs has not been thoroughly investigated in the context of organ transplantation because of their nonspecificity against antigens. Although consensus regarding the clinical significance and role of IgM antibodies is not clear, as discussed in this review, recent findings strongly suggest that they also have a huge potential in novel diagnostic as well as therapeutic application for the prevention of AMR. Most serum IgM antibodies are known to comprise natural antibodies with low affinity toward antigens, and this is derived from B-1 cells (innate B cells). However, some of the serum IgM-type antibodies reportedly also produced by B-2 cells (conventional B cells). The latter are known to have a high affinity for donor-specific antigens. In this review, we initially discuss how IgM-type antibodies of different origins participate in the pathology of various diseases, directly or through cell surface receptors, complement activation, or cytokine production. Then, we discuss the clinical applicability of B-1 and B-2 cell-derived IgM-type antibodies for controlling AMR with reference to the involvement of IgM antibodies in various pathological conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/1/4Antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR)donor-specific antihuman leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs)IgM antibodiesinnate B cellconventional B cell |
| spellingShingle | Yoshiko Matsuda Takahisa Hiramitsu Xiao-kang Li Takeshi Watanabe Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M Type Antibodies of Different Origins from the Immunologic and Clinical Viewpoints and Their Application in Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection Pathogens Antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR) donor-specific antihuman leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs) IgM antibodies innate B cell conventional B cell |
| title | Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M Type Antibodies of Different Origins from the Immunologic and Clinical Viewpoints and Their Application in Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection |
| title_full | Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M Type Antibodies of Different Origins from the Immunologic and Clinical Viewpoints and Their Application in Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M Type Antibodies of Different Origins from the Immunologic and Clinical Viewpoints and Their Application in Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M Type Antibodies of Different Origins from the Immunologic and Clinical Viewpoints and Their Application in Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection |
| title_short | Characteristics of Immunoglobulin M Type Antibodies of Different Origins from the Immunologic and Clinical Viewpoints and Their Application in Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection |
| title_sort | characteristics of immunoglobulin m type antibodies of different origins from the immunologic and clinical viewpoints and their application in controlling antibody mediated allograft rejection |
| topic | Antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR) donor-specific antihuman leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs) IgM antibodies innate B cell conventional B cell |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/1/4 |
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