A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters
Benzophenone ultraviolet light filters (BPs) are high-production-volume chemicals extensively used in personal care products, leading to widespread human exposure. Given their estrogenic properties, the potential health risks associated with exposure to BPs have become a public health concern. This...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Eco-Environment & Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985023000613 |
| _version_ | 1797256286054645760 |
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| author | Ya-Nan Yao You Wang Hengling Zhang Yanxia Gao Tao Zhang Kurunthachalam Kannan |
| author_facet | Ya-Nan Yao You Wang Hengling Zhang Yanxia Gao Tao Zhang Kurunthachalam Kannan |
| author_sort | Ya-Nan Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Benzophenone ultraviolet light filters (BPs) are high-production-volume chemicals extensively used in personal care products, leading to widespread human exposure. Given their estrogenic properties, the potential health risks associated with exposure to BPs have become a public health concern. This review aims to summarize sources and pathways of exposure to BPs and associated health risks. Dermal exposure, primarily through the use of sunscreens, constitutes a major pathway for BP exposure. At a recommended application rate, dermal exposure of BP-3 via the application of sunscreens may reach or exceed the suggested reference dose. Other exposure pathways to BPs, such as drinking water, seafood, and packaged foods, contribute minimal to the overall dose. Inhalation is a minor pathway of exposure; however, its contribution cannot be ignored. Human exposure to BPs is an order of magnitude higher in North America than in Asia and Europe. Studies conducted on laboratory animals and cells have consistently demonstrated the toxic effects of BP exposure. BPs are estrogenic and elicit reproductive and developmental toxicities. Furthermore, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and carcinogenicity have been reported from chronic BP exposure. In addition to animal and cell studies, epidemiological investigations have identified associations between BPs and couples' fecundity and other reproductive disorders, as well as adverse birth outcomes. Further studies are urgently needed to understand the risks posed by BPs on human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:36:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8981a9e6c8724ffbb1a3b0103eeb94db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-9850 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:19:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Eco-Environment & Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-8981a9e6c8724ffbb1a3b0103eeb94db2024-03-20T06:12:08ZengElsevierEco-Environment & Health2772-98502024-03-01313044A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filtersYa-Nan Yao0You Wang1Hengling Zhang2Yanxia Gao3Tao Zhang4Kurunthachalam Kannan5School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Corresponding authors.Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, NY 12237, USA; Corresponding authors.Benzophenone ultraviolet light filters (BPs) are high-production-volume chemicals extensively used in personal care products, leading to widespread human exposure. Given their estrogenic properties, the potential health risks associated with exposure to BPs have become a public health concern. This review aims to summarize sources and pathways of exposure to BPs and associated health risks. Dermal exposure, primarily through the use of sunscreens, constitutes a major pathway for BP exposure. At a recommended application rate, dermal exposure of BP-3 via the application of sunscreens may reach or exceed the suggested reference dose. Other exposure pathways to BPs, such as drinking water, seafood, and packaged foods, contribute minimal to the overall dose. Inhalation is a minor pathway of exposure; however, its contribution cannot be ignored. Human exposure to BPs is an order of magnitude higher in North America than in Asia and Europe. Studies conducted on laboratory animals and cells have consistently demonstrated the toxic effects of BP exposure. BPs are estrogenic and elicit reproductive and developmental toxicities. Furthermore, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and carcinogenicity have been reported from chronic BP exposure. In addition to animal and cell studies, epidemiological investigations have identified associations between BPs and couples' fecundity and other reproductive disorders, as well as adverse birth outcomes. Further studies are urgently needed to understand the risks posed by BPs on human health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985023000613Benzophenone ultraviolet light filtersHuman exposureBP-3Health effectsRisk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Ya-Nan Yao You Wang Hengling Zhang Yanxia Gao Tao Zhang Kurunthachalam Kannan A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters Eco-Environment & Health Benzophenone ultraviolet light filters Human exposure BP-3 Health effects Risk assessment |
| title | A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters |
| title_full | A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters |
| title_fullStr | A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters |
| title_short | A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters |
| title_sort | review of sources pathways and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters |
| topic | Benzophenone ultraviolet light filters Human exposure BP-3 Health effects Risk assessment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985023000613 |
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