Experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease strain Udmurtiya/2019, detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes, is transmitted via indirect contact
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) caused by LSD virus (LSDV), is a member of the poxvirus genus Capripoxvirus. It is classified as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) based on its potential for rapid spread and global economic impact. Due to these characteristics, the mode...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.1001426/full |
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| author | Alexander Nesterov Ali Mazloum Olga Byadovskaya Irina Shumilova Antoinette Van Schalkwyk Antoinette Van Schalkwyk Alena Krotova Vladimir Kirpichenko Irina Donnik Ilya Chvala Alexander Sprygin |
| author_facet | Alexander Nesterov Ali Mazloum Olga Byadovskaya Irina Shumilova Antoinette Van Schalkwyk Antoinette Van Schalkwyk Alena Krotova Vladimir Kirpichenko Irina Donnik Ilya Chvala Alexander Sprygin |
| author_sort | Alexander Nesterov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lumpy skin disease (LSD) caused by LSD virus (LSDV), is a member of the poxvirus genus Capripoxvirus. It is classified as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) based on its potential for rapid spread and global economic impact. Due to these characteristics, the mode of LSDV transmission has prompted intensive research efforts. Previous experimental studies using the virulent vaccine-derived recombinant LSDV strain Saratov/2017, demonstrated that this strain has the capacity for transmission in a vector-proof environment. This study demonstrated that a second novel recombinant vaccine-derived LSDV strain Udmurtiya/2019, can infect bulls in contact with diseased animals, in the absence of insect vectors. Bulls were housed in an insect proof animal biosafety level 3 facility, where half the animals were inoculated intravenously with the recombinant LSDV (Udmurtiya/2019), whilst the remaining five animals were mock-inoculated but kept in contact with the inoculated group. Both the infected / inoculated group (IN) and uninfected / incontact group (IC), were monitored for 41 days with continuous registration of body temperature, observations for clinical signs and collection of blood samples and nasal swabs for testing of LSDV presence using real-time PCR. Results indicated that cohabitation of animals from both groups was sufficient to transmit the virus from the IN to the IC-group, with the onset of clinical signs including pyrexia (~41°C) and classical LSD nodular skin lesions starting at 10 dpi for the IN group and 16 dpi for the IC-group. Additionally, the presence of LSDV genomes as well as anti-LSDV antibodies were detected in swabs, blood and serum samples from animals belonging to both groups. These results provides additional evidence of LSDV transmission in a controlled environment without direct contact between diseased and healthy animals, yet in the absence of vectors. Based on these observations, the question concerning a hypothetical relation between mutations in the virus genome and its mode of transmission gains more importance and requires additional investigations with direct comparisons between classical and novel recombinant LSDV strains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:58:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8983f050e55b45839eeeff4e9e837848 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:58:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-8983f050e55b45839eeeff4e9e8378482022-12-22T04:08:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692022-10-01910.3389/fvets.2022.10014261001426Experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease strain Udmurtiya/2019, detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes, is transmitted via indirect contactAlexander Nesterov0Ali Mazloum1Olga Byadovskaya2Irina Shumilova3Antoinette Van Schalkwyk4Antoinette Van Schalkwyk5Alena Krotova6Vladimir Kirpichenko7Irina Donnik8Ilya Chvala9Alexander Sprygin10Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, RussiaFederal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, RussiaFederal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, RussiaFederal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, RussiaAgricultural Research Council—Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South AfricaDepartment of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South AfricaFederal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, RussiaKazakh Scientific Research, Veterinary Institute, Almaty, KazakhstanRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaFederal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, RussiaFederal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, RussiaLumpy skin disease (LSD) caused by LSD virus (LSDV), is a member of the poxvirus genus Capripoxvirus. It is classified as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) based on its potential for rapid spread and global economic impact. Due to these characteristics, the mode of LSDV transmission has prompted intensive research efforts. Previous experimental studies using the virulent vaccine-derived recombinant LSDV strain Saratov/2017, demonstrated that this strain has the capacity for transmission in a vector-proof environment. This study demonstrated that a second novel recombinant vaccine-derived LSDV strain Udmurtiya/2019, can infect bulls in contact with diseased animals, in the absence of insect vectors. Bulls were housed in an insect proof animal biosafety level 3 facility, where half the animals were inoculated intravenously with the recombinant LSDV (Udmurtiya/2019), whilst the remaining five animals were mock-inoculated but kept in contact with the inoculated group. Both the infected / inoculated group (IN) and uninfected / incontact group (IC), were monitored for 41 days with continuous registration of body temperature, observations for clinical signs and collection of blood samples and nasal swabs for testing of LSDV presence using real-time PCR. Results indicated that cohabitation of animals from both groups was sufficient to transmit the virus from the IN to the IC-group, with the onset of clinical signs including pyrexia (~41°C) and classical LSD nodular skin lesions starting at 10 dpi for the IN group and 16 dpi for the IC-group. Additionally, the presence of LSDV genomes as well as anti-LSDV antibodies were detected in swabs, blood and serum samples from animals belonging to both groups. These results provides additional evidence of LSDV transmission in a controlled environment without direct contact between diseased and healthy animals, yet in the absence of vectors. Based on these observations, the question concerning a hypothetical relation between mutations in the virus genome and its mode of transmission gains more importance and requires additional investigations with direct comparisons between classical and novel recombinant LSDV strains.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.1001426/fulllumpy skin disease virusinfectiontransmissionepidemiologyrecombination |
| spellingShingle | Alexander Nesterov Ali Mazloum Olga Byadovskaya Irina Shumilova Antoinette Van Schalkwyk Antoinette Van Schalkwyk Alena Krotova Vladimir Kirpichenko Irina Donnik Ilya Chvala Alexander Sprygin Experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease strain Udmurtiya/2019, detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes, is transmitted via indirect contact Frontiers in Veterinary Science lumpy skin disease virus infection transmission epidemiology recombination |
| title | Experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease strain Udmurtiya/2019, detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes, is transmitted via indirect contact |
| title_full | Experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease strain Udmurtiya/2019, detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes, is transmitted via indirect contact |
| title_fullStr | Experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease strain Udmurtiya/2019, detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes, is transmitted via indirect contact |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease strain Udmurtiya/2019, detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes, is transmitted via indirect contact |
| title_short | Experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease strain Udmurtiya/2019, detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes, is transmitted via indirect contact |
| title_sort | experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine like lumpy skin disease strain udmurtiya 2019 detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes is transmitted via indirect contact |
| topic | lumpy skin disease virus infection transmission epidemiology recombination |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.1001426/full |
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