The Metallicity Variations Along the Chromosome Maps: The Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae
The “chromosome maps” (ChMs) of globular clusters (GCs) have revealed that these ancient structures are inhomogeneous in metallicity in various ways and in different natures. Type II GCs generally display larger variations, sometimes coupled with slow neutron-capture ( s ) element enrichments on the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfca3 |
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| author | A. F. Marino A. P. Milone E. Dondoglio A. Renzini G. Cordoni H. Jerjen A. Karakas E. P. Lagioia M. V. Legnardi M. McKenzie A. Mohandasan M. Tailo D. Yong T. Ziliotto |
| author_facet | A. F. Marino A. P. Milone E. Dondoglio A. Renzini G. Cordoni H. Jerjen A. Karakas E. P. Lagioia M. V. Legnardi M. McKenzie A. Mohandasan M. Tailo D. Yong T. Ziliotto |
| author_sort | A. F. Marino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The “chromosome maps” (ChMs) of globular clusters (GCs) have revealed that these ancient structures are inhomogeneous in metallicity in various ways and in different natures. Type II GCs generally display larger variations, sometimes coupled with slow neutron-capture ( s ) element enrichments on the ChMs redder sequences, which have been interpreted as due to multiple generations of stars. On the other hand, most GCs have inhomogeneous first populations (1P) in the form of large ranges in the Δ _F275W,F814W values, pointing toward a not fully mixed pristine molecular cloud. We analyze the chemical composition of GC 47 Tucanae, which shows both inhomogeneous 1P stars and, although not formally a Type II GC, hosts a small number of stars distributed on the red side of the main stream of ChM stars. Our results suggest that 1P stars are inhomogeneous in the overall metallicity, with variations on the order of ∼0.10 dex in all the chemical species. The anomalous stars distributed on a redder sequence of the ChM are further enriched in metals but have no evidence for a significant enrichment in the s elements. Our three second population stars located on the normal component of the map have metallicities similar to those of the metal-richer 1P oup, suggesting that this population formed from these stars. Although three stars is a too-small sample to draw strong conclusions, the low spread in metals of these objects might point toward formation in a fully mixed medium, possibly after a cooling flow phase. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:49:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89859f0bd75a4bb2881ea232808bb2aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:49:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-89859f0bd75a4bb2881ea232808bb2aa2023-11-09T11:17:25ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195813110.3847/1538-4357/acfca3The Metallicity Variations Along the Chromosome Maps: The Globular Cluster 47 TucanaeA. F. Marino0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-5487A. P. Milone1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7506-930XE. Dondoglio2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-8531A. Renzini3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-7355G. Cordoni4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-7683H. Jerjen5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4624-9592A. Karakas6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3625-6951E. P. Lagioia7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1713-0082M. V. Legnardi8M. McKenzie9A. Mohandasan10M. Tailo11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1128-098XD. Yong12T. Ziliotto13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-2068Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, I-35122, Italy ; anna.marino@inaf.it; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica—Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo Enrico Fermi, 5, Firenze, I-50125, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, I-35122, Italy ; anna.marino@inaf.it; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”—Univ. di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3 , Padova, I-35122, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”—Univ. di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3 , Padova, I-35122, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, I-35122, Italy ; anna.marino@inaf.itIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, I-35122, Italy ; anna.marino@inaf.itResearch School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, AustraliaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , VIC 3800, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Astrophysics in Three Dimensions (ASTRO-3D) , Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”—Univ. di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3 , Padova, I-35122, Italy; South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University , Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of ChinaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”—Univ. di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3 , Padova, I-35122, ItalyResearch School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, AustraliaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”—Univ. di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3 , Padova, I-35122, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Augusto Righi, Università degli Studi di Bologna , Via Gobetti 93/2, I-40129, Bologna, ItalyResearch School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, AustraliaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”—Univ. di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3 , Padova, I-35122, ItalyThe “chromosome maps” (ChMs) of globular clusters (GCs) have revealed that these ancient structures are inhomogeneous in metallicity in various ways and in different natures. Type II GCs generally display larger variations, sometimes coupled with slow neutron-capture ( s ) element enrichments on the ChMs redder sequences, which have been interpreted as due to multiple generations of stars. On the other hand, most GCs have inhomogeneous first populations (1P) in the form of large ranges in the Δ _F275W,F814W values, pointing toward a not fully mixed pristine molecular cloud. We analyze the chemical composition of GC 47 Tucanae, which shows both inhomogeneous 1P stars and, although not formally a Type II GC, hosts a small number of stars distributed on the red side of the main stream of ChM stars. Our results suggest that 1P stars are inhomogeneous in the overall metallicity, with variations on the order of ∼0.10 dex in all the chemical species. The anomalous stars distributed on a redder sequence of the ChM are further enriched in metals but have no evidence for a significant enrichment in the s elements. Our three second population stars located on the normal component of the map have metallicities similar to those of the metal-richer 1P oup, suggesting that this population formed from these stars. Although three stars is a too-small sample to draw strong conclusions, the low spread in metals of these objects might point toward formation in a fully mixed medium, possibly after a cooling flow phase.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfca3Star clustersChemical abundancesPopulation II stars |
| spellingShingle | A. F. Marino A. P. Milone E. Dondoglio A. Renzini G. Cordoni H. Jerjen A. Karakas E. P. Lagioia M. V. Legnardi M. McKenzie A. Mohandasan M. Tailo D. Yong T. Ziliotto The Metallicity Variations Along the Chromosome Maps: The Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae The Astrophysical Journal Star clusters Chemical abundances Population II stars |
| title | The Metallicity Variations Along the Chromosome Maps: The Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae |
| title_full | The Metallicity Variations Along the Chromosome Maps: The Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae |
| title_fullStr | The Metallicity Variations Along the Chromosome Maps: The Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Metallicity Variations Along the Chromosome Maps: The Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae |
| title_short | The Metallicity Variations Along the Chromosome Maps: The Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae |
| title_sort | metallicity variations along the chromosome maps the globular cluster 47 tucanae |
| topic | Star clusters Chemical abundances Population II stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acfca3 |
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