Protein Phosphorylation and Redox Status: An as Yet Elusive Dyad in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Malignant cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are characterized by oxidative stress that is related to abundant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Lymphoid tissues have been shown to provide a protective microenvironment...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4881 |
| _version_ | 1797480158258528256 |
|---|---|
| author | Mario Angelo Pagano Federica Frezzato Andrea Visentin Livio Trentin Anna Maria Brunati |
| author_facet | Mario Angelo Pagano Federica Frezzato Andrea Visentin Livio Trentin Anna Maria Brunati |
| author_sort | Mario Angelo Pagano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Malignant cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are characterized by oxidative stress that is related to abundant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Lymphoid tissues have been shown to provide a protective microenvironment that antagonizes the effects of ROS, contributing to establishing redox homeostasis that supports the vitality of CLL cells. In the last few decades, a complex antioxidant machinery has been demonstrated to be activated in CLL cells, including the different superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms, the thioredoxin (Trx) system, and the enzyme cascade inducing glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and recycling, to name a few. Their expression is known to be upregulated by the activation of specific transcription factors, which can be regulated by either oxidative stress or phosphorylation. These two latter aspects have mostly been explored separately, and only recently an increasing body of evidence has been providing reasonable inference that ROS and phosphorylation may cooperate in an interplay that contributes to the survival mechanisms of CLL cells. Here, we present an overview of how oxidative stress and phosphorylation-dependent signals are intertwined in CLL, focusing on transcription factors that regulate the balance between ROS production and scavenging. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:55:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-898bb16c3094494eb260c35bf4b26c9f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:55:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-898bb16c3094494eb260c35bf4b26c9f2023-11-23T19:58:10ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-10-011419488110.3390/cancers14194881Protein Phosphorylation and Redox Status: An as Yet Elusive Dyad in Chronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaMario Angelo Pagano0Federica Frezzato1Andrea Visentin2Livio Trentin3Anna Maria Brunati4Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, ItalyHematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyHematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyHematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, ItalyMalignant cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are characterized by oxidative stress that is related to abundant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Lymphoid tissues have been shown to provide a protective microenvironment that antagonizes the effects of ROS, contributing to establishing redox homeostasis that supports the vitality of CLL cells. In the last few decades, a complex antioxidant machinery has been demonstrated to be activated in CLL cells, including the different superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms, the thioredoxin (Trx) system, and the enzyme cascade inducing glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and recycling, to name a few. Their expression is known to be upregulated by the activation of specific transcription factors, which can be regulated by either oxidative stress or phosphorylation. These two latter aspects have mostly been explored separately, and only recently an increasing body of evidence has been providing reasonable inference that ROS and phosphorylation may cooperate in an interplay that contributes to the survival mechanisms of CLL cells. Here, we present an overview of how oxidative stress and phosphorylation-dependent signals are intertwined in CLL, focusing on transcription factors that regulate the balance between ROS production and scavenging.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4881chronic lymphocytic leukemiaphosphorylationredoxantioxidant systems |
| spellingShingle | Mario Angelo Pagano Federica Frezzato Andrea Visentin Livio Trentin Anna Maria Brunati Protein Phosphorylation and Redox Status: An as Yet Elusive Dyad in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cancers chronic lymphocytic leukemia phosphorylation redox antioxidant systems |
| title | Protein Phosphorylation and Redox Status: An as Yet Elusive Dyad in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
| title_full | Protein Phosphorylation and Redox Status: An as Yet Elusive Dyad in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
| title_fullStr | Protein Phosphorylation and Redox Status: An as Yet Elusive Dyad in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protein Phosphorylation and Redox Status: An as Yet Elusive Dyad in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
| title_short | Protein Phosphorylation and Redox Status: An as Yet Elusive Dyad in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
| title_sort | protein phosphorylation and redox status an as yet elusive dyad in chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| topic | chronic lymphocytic leukemia phosphorylation redox antioxidant systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/19/4881 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marioangelopagano proteinphosphorylationandredoxstatusanasyetelusivedyadinchroniclymphocyticleukemia AT federicafrezzato proteinphosphorylationandredoxstatusanasyetelusivedyadinchroniclymphocyticleukemia AT andreavisentin proteinphosphorylationandredoxstatusanasyetelusivedyadinchroniclymphocyticleukemia AT liviotrentin proteinphosphorylationandredoxstatusanasyetelusivedyadinchroniclymphocyticleukemia AT annamariabrunati proteinphosphorylationandredoxstatusanasyetelusivedyadinchroniclymphocyticleukemia |