| Summary: | The genus <i>Salariopsis</i> (Blenniidae) comprises freshwater blenny fish that inhabits Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and north-east Atlantic areas. Three species were formally described to date: <i>Salariopsis fluviatilis</i>. <i>S. economidisi</i>, and <i>S. atlantica</i>. In this study, 103 individuals were collected from different Italian regions (Sardinia, Liguria, Piedmont, Lombardy) and analyzed using the mtDNA Control Region and the ribosomal 16s gene. We aimed (i) to depict the phylogeographic patterns of <i>S. fluviatilis</i> in northern Italy and Sardinia and (ii) to compare the genetic structure of Italian samples with those from other Mediterranean regions. Results obtained showed the presence of a well-supported genetic structuring among Italian <i>S. fluviatilis</i> populations, shedding new light on the phylogeographic patterns of northern Italian populations of <i>S. fluviatilis sensu stricto</i> across the Ligurian Alpine ridge and the Sardinia Island-mainland dispersal patterns. Furthermore, our species delimitation analysis was consistent in supporting results of previous research about the presence of genetic differentiation among <i>S. fluviatilis</i>, evidencing: (i) a large group of <i>S. fluviatilis sensu stricto</i> that includes two sub-groups (Occidental and Oriental), (ii) one group comprising populations from the Middle East of a taxonomic entity corresponding to <i>Salariopsis</i> cf. <i>fluviatilis</i>, and (iii) one group of Iberian individuals from the Guadiana River.
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