| Summary: | Background: There is an increasing need for botanicals to be used as an alternative and complementary medicine in the management of male infertility. Male infertility has been a major health/social challenge to people all over the world. This study, therefore, investigated the ameliorative potential of hydroethanolic leaf extract of <i>Parquetina nigrescens</i> (HELEPN) against <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-galactose-induced testicular injury. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly allotted into six groups (n = 5). Group I (Normal control), Group II (300 mg/kg b.w. <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-galactose), Group III and IV (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. HELEPN, respectively), Group V and VI (both received 300 mg/kg b.w. of <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-galactose with 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of HELEPN, respectively). <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-galactose administration started two weeks prior to HELEPN treatment which lasted for six weeks. All assays were carried out using established protocols. Results: Administration of HELEPN at 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg concomitantly with <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-galactose improved paired and relative testicular weights, levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and testosterone, and poor sperm quality. HELEPN treatment reduced the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, 8-OHDG, and AGEs) and inflammatory response (TNF-alpha and NO) to normal, as well as restoring the reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). In addition, HELEPN treatment mitigated testicular DNA fragmentation and down-regulated caspase 3-activities. HELEPN at 500 mg/kg was observed to have the greatest ameliorative effect. Conclusion: HELEPN protects against <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-galactose-induced testicular injury through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
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