The application of human periodontal ligament stem cells and biomimetic silk scaffold for in situ tendon regeneration
Abstract Background With the development of tissue engineering, enhanced tendon regeneration could be achieved by exploiting suitable cell types and biomaterials. The accessibility, robust cell amplification ability, superior tendon differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory effects of human pe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02661-7 |
| _version_ | 1818574531289153536 |
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| author | Jialin Chen Qingyun Mo Renwang Sheng Aijing Zhu Chen Ling Yifan Luo Aini Zhang Zhixuan Chen Qingqiang Yao Zhuoying Cai Wei Zhang |
| author_facet | Jialin Chen Qingyun Mo Renwang Sheng Aijing Zhu Chen Ling Yifan Luo Aini Zhang Zhixuan Chen Qingqiang Yao Zhuoying Cai Wei Zhang |
| author_sort | Jialin Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background With the development of tissue engineering, enhanced tendon regeneration could be achieved by exploiting suitable cell types and biomaterials. The accessibility, robust cell amplification ability, superior tendon differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory effects of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) indicate their potential as ideal seed cells for tendon tissue engineering. Nevertheless, there are currently no reports of using PDLSCs as seed cells. Previous studies have confirmed the potential of silk scaffold for tendon tissue engineering. However, the biomimetic silk scaffold with tendon extracellular matrix (ECM)-like structure has not been systematically studied for in situ tendon regeneration. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of hPDLSCs and biomimetic silk scaffold on in situ tendon regeneration. Methods Human PDLSCs were isolated from extracted wisdom teeth. The differentiation potential of hPDLSCs towards osteo-, chondro-, and adipo-lineage was examined by cultured in different inducing media. Aligned and random silk scaffolds were fabricated by the controlled directional freezing technique. Scaffolds were characterized including surface structure, water contact angle, swelling ratio, degradation speed and mechanical properties. The biocompatibility of silk scaffolds was evaluated by live/dead staining, SEM observation, cell proliferation determination and immunofluorescent staining of deposited collagen type I. Subsequently, hPDLSCs were seeded on the aligned silk scaffold and transplanted into the ruptured rat Achilles tendon. Scaffolds without cells served as control groups. After 4 weeks, histology evaluation was carried out and macrophage polarization was examined to check the repair effects and immunomodulatory effects. Results Human PDLSCs were successfully isolated, and their multi-differentiation potential was confirmed. Compared with random scaffold, aligned silk scaffold had more elongated and aligned pores and promoted the proliferation and ordered arrangement of hPDLSCs. After implantation into rat Achilles tendon defect, hPDLSCs seeded aligned silk scaffold enhanced tendon repair with more tendon-like tissue formation after 4 weeks, as compared to the scaffold-only groups. Higher expression of CD206 and lower expression of iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α were found in the hPDLSCs seeded aligned silk scaffold group, which revealed its modulation effect of macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. Conclusions In summary, this study demonstrates the efficacy of hPDLSCs as seed cells and aligned silk scaffold as a tendon-mimetic scaffold for enhanced tendon tissue engineering, which may have broad implications for future tendon tissue engineering and regenerative medicine researches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:27:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89966c7f2bae4ec495c47a4040e848d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1757-6512 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:27:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cell Research & Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-89966c7f2bae4ec495c47a4040e848d12022-12-21T22:42:07ZengBMCStem Cell Research & Therapy1757-65122021-12-0112111510.1186/s13287-021-02661-7The application of human periodontal ligament stem cells and biomimetic silk scaffold for in situ tendon regenerationJialin Chen0Qingyun Mo1Renwang Sheng2Aijing Zhu3Chen Ling4Yifan Luo5Aini Zhang6Zhixuan Chen7Qingqiang Yao8Zhuoying Cai9Wei Zhang10School of Medicine, Southeast UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversityChina Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed)Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversityAbstract Background With the development of tissue engineering, enhanced tendon regeneration could be achieved by exploiting suitable cell types and biomaterials. The accessibility, robust cell amplification ability, superior tendon differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory effects of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) indicate their potential as ideal seed cells for tendon tissue engineering. Nevertheless, there are currently no reports of using PDLSCs as seed cells. Previous studies have confirmed the potential of silk scaffold for tendon tissue engineering. However, the biomimetic silk scaffold with tendon extracellular matrix (ECM)-like structure has not been systematically studied for in situ tendon regeneration. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of hPDLSCs and biomimetic silk scaffold on in situ tendon regeneration. Methods Human PDLSCs were isolated from extracted wisdom teeth. The differentiation potential of hPDLSCs towards osteo-, chondro-, and adipo-lineage was examined by cultured in different inducing media. Aligned and random silk scaffolds were fabricated by the controlled directional freezing technique. Scaffolds were characterized including surface structure, water contact angle, swelling ratio, degradation speed and mechanical properties. The biocompatibility of silk scaffolds was evaluated by live/dead staining, SEM observation, cell proliferation determination and immunofluorescent staining of deposited collagen type I. Subsequently, hPDLSCs were seeded on the aligned silk scaffold and transplanted into the ruptured rat Achilles tendon. Scaffolds without cells served as control groups. After 4 weeks, histology evaluation was carried out and macrophage polarization was examined to check the repair effects and immunomodulatory effects. Results Human PDLSCs were successfully isolated, and their multi-differentiation potential was confirmed. Compared with random scaffold, aligned silk scaffold had more elongated and aligned pores and promoted the proliferation and ordered arrangement of hPDLSCs. After implantation into rat Achilles tendon defect, hPDLSCs seeded aligned silk scaffold enhanced tendon repair with more tendon-like tissue formation after 4 weeks, as compared to the scaffold-only groups. Higher expression of CD206 and lower expression of iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α were found in the hPDLSCs seeded aligned silk scaffold group, which revealed its modulation effect of macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. Conclusions In summary, this study demonstrates the efficacy of hPDLSCs as seed cells and aligned silk scaffold as a tendon-mimetic scaffold for enhanced tendon tissue engineering, which may have broad implications for future tendon tissue engineering and regenerative medicine researches.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02661-7PDLSCsSilkBiomimetic scaffoldTendon repairTissue regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Jialin Chen Qingyun Mo Renwang Sheng Aijing Zhu Chen Ling Yifan Luo Aini Zhang Zhixuan Chen Qingqiang Yao Zhuoying Cai Wei Zhang The application of human periodontal ligament stem cells and biomimetic silk scaffold for in situ tendon regeneration Stem Cell Research & Therapy PDLSCs Silk Biomimetic scaffold Tendon repair Tissue regeneration |
| title | The application of human periodontal ligament stem cells and biomimetic silk scaffold for in situ tendon regeneration |
| title_full | The application of human periodontal ligament stem cells and biomimetic silk scaffold for in situ tendon regeneration |
| title_fullStr | The application of human periodontal ligament stem cells and biomimetic silk scaffold for in situ tendon regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | The application of human periodontal ligament stem cells and biomimetic silk scaffold for in situ tendon regeneration |
| title_short | The application of human periodontal ligament stem cells and biomimetic silk scaffold for in situ tendon regeneration |
| title_sort | application of human periodontal ligament stem cells and biomimetic silk scaffold for in situ tendon regeneration |
| topic | PDLSCs Silk Biomimetic scaffold Tendon repair Tissue regeneration |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02661-7 |
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