A Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks with Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators Considering Delay Behaviors of Sequence Component Extractors
The high-level proliferation of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) in modern distribution networks (DNs) has changed system topologies and fault current signatures, which compromises the protective relays in DNs. Investigating IIDG fault behaviors-based protection scheme will benefit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/23/4727 |
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| author | Gang Wang Min Huang Hao Bai Jie Li Ruotian Yao Haoming Wang Chengxin Li |
| author_facet | Gang Wang Min Huang Hao Bai Jie Li Ruotian Yao Haoming Wang Chengxin Li |
| author_sort | Gang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The high-level proliferation of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) in modern distribution networks (DNs) has changed system topologies and fault current signatures, which compromises the protective relays in DNs. Investigating IIDG fault behaviors-based protection scheme will benefit the grid’s safety and stability. This paper proposes a novel current differential protection (CDP) scheme that considers the delay behaviors of positive- and negative-sequence component extractors for IIDGs in DNs. A frequency-domain analytical model of the fault current for a grid-connected IIDG with the PQ control strategy and a low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability is investigated. The dynamic behavior of the IIDGs considering the sequence-component extractor based on the Pade approximation is presented, where the T/4 delay extractor of the IIDGs causes a two-stage behavior in the fault transient process. It is found that a 5 ms error between the measured and actual values after the fault will affect the transient characteristics of the IIDGs. The transient current generated by the IIDGs during grid faults contains a large number of low-order harmonic components within the range of 0–200 Hz, which is significantly different to the current provided by the power grid. Therefore, the proposed CDP scheme uses protective relays at both terminals to obtain the required transient electric quantity using the Prony method. By constructing the frequency-characteristics ratio (FCR) and the exchanging FCR between two terminal relays, the developed protection criteria are implemented. The accuracy of the fault analysis method, whose maximum computational error is below 0.1%, and the feasibility of the proposed protection scheme are demonstrated by using a 10 kV DN in a PSCAD/EMTDC simulation, which can be applied to various fault conditions and traditional DNs without IIDGs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:53:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89b0e4a21f8b487dacbd3fc5217fa7b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:53:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-89b0e4a21f8b487dacbd3fc5217fa7b42023-12-08T15:13:45ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922023-11-011223472710.3390/electronics12234727A Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks with Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators Considering Delay Behaviors of Sequence Component ExtractorsGang Wang0Min Huang1Hao Bai2Jie Li3Ruotian Yao4Haoming Wang5Chengxin Li6School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510663, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510663, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaGuangzhou Electric Power Design Institute, China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510630, ChinaThe high-level proliferation of inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) in modern distribution networks (DNs) has changed system topologies and fault current signatures, which compromises the protective relays in DNs. Investigating IIDG fault behaviors-based protection scheme will benefit the grid’s safety and stability. This paper proposes a novel current differential protection (CDP) scheme that considers the delay behaviors of positive- and negative-sequence component extractors for IIDGs in DNs. A frequency-domain analytical model of the fault current for a grid-connected IIDG with the PQ control strategy and a low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability is investigated. The dynamic behavior of the IIDGs considering the sequence-component extractor based on the Pade approximation is presented, where the T/4 delay extractor of the IIDGs causes a two-stage behavior in the fault transient process. It is found that a 5 ms error between the measured and actual values after the fault will affect the transient characteristics of the IIDGs. The transient current generated by the IIDGs during grid faults contains a large number of low-order harmonic components within the range of 0–200 Hz, which is significantly different to the current provided by the power grid. Therefore, the proposed CDP scheme uses protective relays at both terminals to obtain the required transient electric quantity using the Prony method. By constructing the frequency-characteristics ratio (FCR) and the exchanging FCR between two terminal relays, the developed protection criteria are implemented. The accuracy of the fault analysis method, whose maximum computational error is below 0.1%, and the feasibility of the proposed protection scheme are demonstrated by using a 10 kV DN in a PSCAD/EMTDC simulation, which can be applied to various fault conditions and traditional DNs without IIDGs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/23/4727distribution networkfault analysisprotective relayscurrent differential protectioninverter-interfaced distributed generators |
| spellingShingle | Gang Wang Min Huang Hao Bai Jie Li Ruotian Yao Haoming Wang Chengxin Li A Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks with Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators Considering Delay Behaviors of Sequence Component Extractors Electronics distribution network fault analysis protective relays current differential protection inverter-interfaced distributed generators |
| title | A Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks with Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators Considering Delay Behaviors of Sequence Component Extractors |
| title_full | A Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks with Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators Considering Delay Behaviors of Sequence Component Extractors |
| title_fullStr | A Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks with Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators Considering Delay Behaviors of Sequence Component Extractors |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks with Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators Considering Delay Behaviors of Sequence Component Extractors |
| title_short | A Current Differential Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks with Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators Considering Delay Behaviors of Sequence Component Extractors |
| title_sort | current differential protection scheme for distribution networks with inverter interfaced distributed generators considering delay behaviors of sequence component extractors |
| topic | distribution network fault analysis protective relays current differential protection inverter-interfaced distributed generators |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/23/4727 |
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