Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted <i>Hermetia illucens</i> Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms
<i>Hermetia illucens</i> (black soldier fly) larvae (HIL) are considered useful industrial insects for the production of feed for livestock, eco-friendly fertilizer from organic wastes, and biodiesel. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity in the extract of crude-oil-extracte...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/6/680 |
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| author | Kyu-Shik Lee Eun-Young Yun Tae-Won Goo |
| author_facet | Kyu-Shik Lee Eun-Young Yun Tae-Won Goo |
| author_sort | Kyu-Shik Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Hermetia illucens</i> (black soldier fly) larvae (HIL) are considered useful industrial insects for the production of feed for livestock, eco-friendly fertilizer from organic wastes, and biodiesel. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity in the extract of crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder prepared from HIL fed organic waste containing fermented effective micro-organisms for biodiesel production. The result showed that antimicrobial activity was not fully induced in HIL fed <i>L. casei</i>-containing feed. In contrast, increased antimicrobial activity was observed in defatted HIL extract prepared from crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder. We found that the extract effectively inhibited the growth of pathogens and antimicrobial-peptide-resistant bacteria, such as three kinds of <i>Salmonella</i> species, and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i>, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200–1000 µg/100 µL. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity to CaCO-2 human intestinal cells was observed in the extract. We also found that the production fee of extract equivalent to the antimicrobial activity of melittin was approximately 25-fold less than the production fee of melittin. Therefore, the results demonstrate that crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder prepared from HIL fed organic waste containing fermented effective micro-organisms for biodiesel production should be used as the feedstock for synthetic, preservative-free livestock feed and food additives. Taken together, the present study supports the usefulness of HIL as an eco-friendly feedstock in the biodiesel, agricultural, food, and feed industries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:12:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89be7d5020484ca1a9deccb03d3f0a31 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:12:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-89be7d5020484ca1a9deccb03d3f0a312023-11-24T00:09:26ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-03-0112668010.3390/ani12060680Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted <i>Hermetia illucens</i> Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective MicroorganismsKyu-Shik Lee0Eun-Young Yun1Tae-Won Goo2Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38766, KoreaDepartment of Integrative Bio-Industrial Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38766, Korea<i>Hermetia illucens</i> (black soldier fly) larvae (HIL) are considered useful industrial insects for the production of feed for livestock, eco-friendly fertilizer from organic wastes, and biodiesel. Therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity in the extract of crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder prepared from HIL fed organic waste containing fermented effective micro-organisms for biodiesel production. The result showed that antimicrobial activity was not fully induced in HIL fed <i>L. casei</i>-containing feed. In contrast, increased antimicrobial activity was observed in defatted HIL extract prepared from crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder. We found that the extract effectively inhibited the growth of pathogens and antimicrobial-peptide-resistant bacteria, such as three kinds of <i>Salmonella</i> species, and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i>, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200–1000 µg/100 µL. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity to CaCO-2 human intestinal cells was observed in the extract. We also found that the production fee of extract equivalent to the antimicrobial activity of melittin was approximately 25-fold less than the production fee of melittin. Therefore, the results demonstrate that crude-oil-extracted crushed HIL powder prepared from HIL fed organic waste containing fermented effective micro-organisms for biodiesel production should be used as the feedstock for synthetic, preservative-free livestock feed and food additives. Taken together, the present study supports the usefulness of HIL as an eco-friendly feedstock in the biodiesel, agricultural, food, and feed industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/6/680antimicrobial peptide<i>Hermetia illucens</i> larvaenatural antimicrobial substanceecofriendly feedstockfood additives |
| spellingShingle | Kyu-Shik Lee Eun-Young Yun Tae-Won Goo Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted <i>Hermetia illucens</i> Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms Animals antimicrobial peptide <i>Hermetia illucens</i> larvae natural antimicrobial substance ecofriendly feedstock food additives |
| title | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted <i>Hermetia illucens</i> Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms |
| title_full | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted <i>Hermetia illucens</i> Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted <i>Hermetia illucens</i> Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted <i>Hermetia illucens</i> Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms |
| title_short | Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in the Extract of Defatted <i>Hermetia illucens</i> Fed Organic Waste Feed Containing Fermented Effective Microorganisms |
| title_sort | evaluation of antimicrobial activity in the extract of defatted i hermetia illucens i fed organic waste feed containing fermented effective microorganisms |
| topic | antimicrobial peptide <i>Hermetia illucens</i> larvae natural antimicrobial substance ecofriendly feedstock food additives |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/6/680 |
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