| Summary: | Enteral nutrition (EN) is a rational approach to providing nutritional intake via the intestines in patients who are unable to tolerate parenteral nutrition. We conducted a preliminary study to investigate the effects of EN on the intestinal environment in 10 patients in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) (<i>n</i> = 5 each in the EN and EN with probiotics; <i>Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588</i>) groups compared with 10 healthy controls. The results of 16S amplicon sequencing of the intestinal microbiota showed that EN led to dysbiosis with a decrease in α-diversity and an obvious change in β-diversity. A particularly significant decrease was seen in useful intestinal bacteria such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and butyrate-producing bacteria. Analysis of intestinal metabolites also supported these results, showing significant decreases in butyric and pyruvic acid after EN. Although <i>C. butyricum</i><i>MIYAIRI 588</i> improved some intestinal metabolites that were decreased after EN, it did not improve the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. These findings indicate that EN causes dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota and an imbalance in some intestinal metabolites in patients in a PVS. Moreover, although <i>C. butyricum</i><i>MIYAIRI 588</i> improved the imbalance of some intestinal metabolites after EN, it did not prevent dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota.
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