An intelligent protection scheme for series-compensated transmission lines connecting large-scale wind farms
Series-compensated transmission lines (SCTLs) are increasingly preferred for transmitting bulk amounts of electricity generated from the present-day large-scale wind farm to the utility grid due to several technical and economic benefits. However, when a fault occurs in such a wind farm-integrated S...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Energy Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1141235/full |
| _version_ | 1827980630379462656 |
|---|---|
| author | M. S. Prabhu Sauvik Biswas Paresh Kumar Nayak Almoataz Abdelaziz Adel El-Shahat |
| author_facet | M. S. Prabhu Sauvik Biswas Paresh Kumar Nayak Almoataz Abdelaziz Adel El-Shahat |
| author_sort | M. S. Prabhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Series-compensated transmission lines (SCTLs) are increasingly preferred for transmitting bulk amounts of electricity generated from the present-day large-scale wind farm to the utility grid due to several technical and economic benefits. However, when a fault occurs in such a wind farm-integrated SCTL, the impedance across the metal oxide varistor (MOV)-protected series capacitor varies non-linearly. Also, the fault current contributed from the wind farm side is quite different compared to the grid side. Consequently, the widely used fixed impedance-based distance relaying schemes showed limitations when used for protecting such crucial TLs. In this paper, the impacts of series compensation and wind farm integration on distance relay are investigated, and this paper proposes an intelligent relaying scheme using only the current measurements. In the proposed scheme, the fault detection task is performed using the signs of the half-cycle magnitude differences of the line end positive-sequence currents, and the fault classification task is performed using only the local current measurements processed through the Fourier–Bessel series expansion (FBSE) bagging ensemble (BE) classifier. The non-stationary components present in the current signal at the initiation of a fault are captured by calculating FBSE coefficients, and the singular value decomposition is applied for dimensionality reduction of the feature set. Finally, the extracted features are used by the BE classifier for fault classification. The method is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink® on numerous fault and non-fault data simulated in two-bus systems and also validated through the OPAL-RT (OP4510) manufactured real-time digital simulation platform. The obtained results (response time for fault detection and classification <10 ms), including the comparative assessment results (fault detection accuracy =100% and fault classification accuracy =99.37%), justify the effectiveness of the proposed relaying scheme in protecting the wind farm-integrated SCTLs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:56:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89c6629376da4142a6b31b5f7e9f4b21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-598X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:56:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Energy Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-89c6629376da4142a6b31b5f7e9f4b212023-03-24T05:30:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Energy Research2296-598X2023-03-011110.3389/fenrg.2023.11412351141235An intelligent protection scheme for series-compensated transmission lines connecting large-scale wind farmsM. S. Prabhu0Sauvik Biswas1Paresh Kumar Nayak2Almoataz Abdelaziz3Adel El-Shahat4Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IndiaElectrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, IndiaElectrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, IndiaFaculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, EgyptEnergy Technology Program, School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United StatesSeries-compensated transmission lines (SCTLs) are increasingly preferred for transmitting bulk amounts of electricity generated from the present-day large-scale wind farm to the utility grid due to several technical and economic benefits. However, when a fault occurs in such a wind farm-integrated SCTL, the impedance across the metal oxide varistor (MOV)-protected series capacitor varies non-linearly. Also, the fault current contributed from the wind farm side is quite different compared to the grid side. Consequently, the widely used fixed impedance-based distance relaying schemes showed limitations when used for protecting such crucial TLs. In this paper, the impacts of series compensation and wind farm integration on distance relay are investigated, and this paper proposes an intelligent relaying scheme using only the current measurements. In the proposed scheme, the fault detection task is performed using the signs of the half-cycle magnitude differences of the line end positive-sequence currents, and the fault classification task is performed using only the local current measurements processed through the Fourier–Bessel series expansion (FBSE) bagging ensemble (BE) classifier. The non-stationary components present in the current signal at the initiation of a fault are captured by calculating FBSE coefficients, and the singular value decomposition is applied for dimensionality reduction of the feature set. Finally, the extracted features are used by the BE classifier for fault classification. The method is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink® on numerous fault and non-fault data simulated in two-bus systems and also validated through the OPAL-RT (OP4510) manufactured real-time digital simulation platform. The obtained results (response time for fault detection and classification <10 ms), including the comparative assessment results (fault detection accuracy =100% and fault classification accuracy =99.37%), justify the effectiveness of the proposed relaying scheme in protecting the wind farm-integrated SCTLs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1141235/fullseries-compensated transmission lineDFIG-WTGlarge-scale wind farmdistance relayfault detectionfault classification |
| spellingShingle | M. S. Prabhu Sauvik Biswas Paresh Kumar Nayak Almoataz Abdelaziz Adel El-Shahat An intelligent protection scheme for series-compensated transmission lines connecting large-scale wind farms Frontiers in Energy Research series-compensated transmission line DFIG-WTG large-scale wind farm distance relay fault detection fault classification |
| title | An intelligent protection scheme for series-compensated transmission lines connecting large-scale wind farms |
| title_full | An intelligent protection scheme for series-compensated transmission lines connecting large-scale wind farms |
| title_fullStr | An intelligent protection scheme for series-compensated transmission lines connecting large-scale wind farms |
| title_full_unstemmed | An intelligent protection scheme for series-compensated transmission lines connecting large-scale wind farms |
| title_short | An intelligent protection scheme for series-compensated transmission lines connecting large-scale wind farms |
| title_sort | intelligent protection scheme for series compensated transmission lines connecting large scale wind farms |
| topic | series-compensated transmission line DFIG-WTG large-scale wind farm distance relay fault detection fault classification |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1141235/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT msprabhu anintelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms AT sauvikbiswas anintelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms AT pareshkumarnayak anintelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms AT almoatazabdelaziz anintelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms AT adelelshahat anintelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms AT msprabhu intelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms AT sauvikbiswas intelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms AT pareshkumarnayak intelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms AT almoatazabdelaziz intelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms AT adelelshahat intelligentprotectionschemeforseriescompensatedtransmissionlinesconnectinglargescalewindfarms |