Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gut
ABSTRACT: The effects of concurrent reduction of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels combined or not with the dietary inclusion of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) were studied using a nutrigenomics approach. In particular, the expression of 26 critical genes relevant for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123001980 |
| _version_ | 1797819889780523008 |
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| author | Eirini Griela Konstantinos C. Mountzouris |
| author_facet | Eirini Griela Konstantinos C. Mountzouris |
| author_sort | Eirini Griela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: The effects of concurrent reduction of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels combined or not with the dietary inclusion of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) were studied using a nutrigenomics approach. In particular, the expression of 26 critical genes relevant for inflammation control (TLR pathway), cellular apoptosis (MAPK pathway) cell growth and nutrient metabolism (PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway) was profiled along the broiler intestine. Two dietary types (L and H) differing in metabolizable energy and crude protein levels (L: 95% and H: 100% of optimal Cobb 500 recommendations for ME and CP requirements) supplemented or not with PFA (− or +) and their interactions (L−, L+, H−, H+) were evaluated. There were only 3 total interactions (mTOR, IL8, and HRAS P < 0.05) between diet type and PFA inclusion indicating limited concurrent effects. Diet type, L upregulated genes related with inflammation mainly in the jejunum, ileum, and cecum (P < 0.05) and MAPK pathway in the ileum and cecum (P < 0.05). Moreover, diet type L negatively affected the expression of genes related to PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway mainly in duodenum and cecum (P < 0.05). On the other hand, PFA inclusion downregulated (P < 0.05) genes related with TLR signaling pathway (TLR2B, MyD88, TLR3, IL8, LITAF) along the intestine and MAPK pathway genes (APO1, FOS) in jejunum (P < 0.05). Finally, PFA supplementation regulated nutrient sensing and metabolism in the cecum in a manner perceived as beneficial for growth. In conclusion, the study results highlight that the reduced ME and CP specifications, especially in the absence of PFA, regulate inflammation, apoptosis and nutrient metabolism processes at homeostatic control levels that hinder maximizing the availability of dietary energy and nutrients for growth purposes. Inclusion of PFA helped to adjust the respective homeostatic responses and control to levels supporting broiler performance, especially at reduced specification diets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:29:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89c73ba63c084b9d97d4e1e81c98fe39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0032-5791 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:29:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-89c73ba63c084b9d97d4e1e81c98fe392023-05-26T04:20:49ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912023-06-011026102675Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gutEirini Griela0Konstantinos C. Mountzouris1Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceCorresponding author:; Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceABSTRACT: The effects of concurrent reduction of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels combined or not with the dietary inclusion of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) were studied using a nutrigenomics approach. In particular, the expression of 26 critical genes relevant for inflammation control (TLR pathway), cellular apoptosis (MAPK pathway) cell growth and nutrient metabolism (PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway) was profiled along the broiler intestine. Two dietary types (L and H) differing in metabolizable energy and crude protein levels (L: 95% and H: 100% of optimal Cobb 500 recommendations for ME and CP requirements) supplemented or not with PFA (− or +) and their interactions (L−, L+, H−, H+) were evaluated. There were only 3 total interactions (mTOR, IL8, and HRAS P < 0.05) between diet type and PFA inclusion indicating limited concurrent effects. Diet type, L upregulated genes related with inflammation mainly in the jejunum, ileum, and cecum (P < 0.05) and MAPK pathway in the ileum and cecum (P < 0.05). Moreover, diet type L negatively affected the expression of genes related to PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway mainly in duodenum and cecum (P < 0.05). On the other hand, PFA inclusion downregulated (P < 0.05) genes related with TLR signaling pathway (TLR2B, MyD88, TLR3, IL8, LITAF) along the intestine and MAPK pathway genes (APO1, FOS) in jejunum (P < 0.05). Finally, PFA supplementation regulated nutrient sensing and metabolism in the cecum in a manner perceived as beneficial for growth. In conclusion, the study results highlight that the reduced ME and CP specifications, especially in the absence of PFA, regulate inflammation, apoptosis and nutrient metabolism processes at homeostatic control levels that hinder maximizing the availability of dietary energy and nutrients for growth purposes. Inclusion of PFA helped to adjust the respective homeostatic responses and control to levels supporting broiler performance, especially at reduced specification diets.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123001980diet typephytogenicinflammationapoptosismetabolism |
| spellingShingle | Eirini Griela Konstantinos C. Mountzouris Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gut Poultry Science diet type phytogenic inflammation apoptosis metabolism |
| title | Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gut |
| title_full | Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gut |
| title_fullStr | Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gut |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gut |
| title_short | Nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll-like receptor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase-apoptosis, and PI3K-Akt-mTOR gene components along the broiler gut |
| title_sort | nutrigenomic profiling of reduced specification diets and phytogenic inclusion effects on critical toll like receptor signaling mitogen activated protein kinase apoptosis and pi3k akt mtor gene components along the broiler gut |
| topic | diet type phytogenic inflammation apoptosis metabolism |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123001980 |
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