Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms?
Lake Balaton is the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. Its water quality is affected by its biggest inflow, the Zala River. During late 20th century, a wetland area named the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) was constructed in the hopes that it would act as a filter zone and thus ame...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/960 |
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| author | Zoran Marinović Nada Tokodi Damjana Drobac Backović Ilija Šćekić Nevena Kitanović Snežana B. Simić Nevena B. Đorđević Árpád Ferincz Ádám Staszny Tamara Dulić Jussi Meriluoto Béla Urbányi Jelena Lujić Zorica Svirčev |
| author_facet | Zoran Marinović Nada Tokodi Damjana Drobac Backović Ilija Šćekić Nevena Kitanović Snežana B. Simić Nevena B. Đorđević Árpád Ferincz Ádám Staszny Tamara Dulić Jussi Meriluoto Béla Urbányi Jelena Lujić Zorica Svirčev |
| author_sort | Zoran Marinović |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lake Balaton is the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. Its water quality is affected by its biggest inflow, the Zala River. During late 20th century, a wetland area named the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) was constructed in the hopes that it would act as a filter zone and thus ameliorate the water quality of Lake Balaton. The aim of the present study was to test whether the KBWPS effectively safeguards Lake Balaton against toxic cyanobacterial blooms. During April, May, July and September 2018, severe cyanobacterial blooming was observed in the KBWPS with numbers reaching up to 13 million cells/mL at the peak of the bloom (July 2018). MC- and STX-coding genes were detected in the cyanobacterial biomass. Five out of nine tested microcystin congeners were detected at the peak of the bloom with the concentrations of MC-LR reaching 1.29 µg/L; however, accumulation of MCs was not detected in fish tissues. Histopathological analyses displayed severe hepatopancreas, kidney and gill alterations in fish obtained throughout the investigated period. In Lake Balaton, on the other hand, cyanobacterial numbers were much lower; more than 400-fold fewer cells/mL were detected during June 2018 and cyanotoxins were not detected in the water. Hepatic, kidney and gill tissue displayed few alterations and resembled the structure of control fish. We can conclude that the KBWPS acts as a significant buffering zone, thus protecting the water quality of Lake Balaton. However, as MC- and STX-coding genes in the cyanobacterial biomass were detected at both sites, regular monitoring of this valuable ecosystem for the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins is of paramount importance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:50:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89c83fcde30044c6be50cae81b155f32 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:50:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-89c83fcde30044c6be50cae81b155f322023-11-21T17:47:39ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-04-019596010.3390/microorganisms9050960Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms?Zoran Marinović0Nada Tokodi1Damjana Drobac Backović2Ilija Šćekić3Nevena Kitanović4Snežana B. Simić5Nevena B. Đorđević6Árpád Ferincz7Ádám Staszny8Tamara Dulić9Jussi Meriluoto10Béla Urbányi11Jelena Lujić12Zorica Svirčev13Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartment of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryFaculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, FinlandDepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, HungaryCenter for Reproductive Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USADepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaLake Balaton is the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. Its water quality is affected by its biggest inflow, the Zala River. During late 20th century, a wetland area named the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) was constructed in the hopes that it would act as a filter zone and thus ameliorate the water quality of Lake Balaton. The aim of the present study was to test whether the KBWPS effectively safeguards Lake Balaton against toxic cyanobacterial blooms. During April, May, July and September 2018, severe cyanobacterial blooming was observed in the KBWPS with numbers reaching up to 13 million cells/mL at the peak of the bloom (July 2018). MC- and STX-coding genes were detected in the cyanobacterial biomass. Five out of nine tested microcystin congeners were detected at the peak of the bloom with the concentrations of MC-LR reaching 1.29 µg/L; however, accumulation of MCs was not detected in fish tissues. Histopathological analyses displayed severe hepatopancreas, kidney and gill alterations in fish obtained throughout the investigated period. In Lake Balaton, on the other hand, cyanobacterial numbers were much lower; more than 400-fold fewer cells/mL were detected during June 2018 and cyanotoxins were not detected in the water. Hepatic, kidney and gill tissue displayed few alterations and resembled the structure of control fish. We can conclude that the KBWPS acts as a significant buffering zone, thus protecting the water quality of Lake Balaton. However, as MC- and STX-coding genes in the cyanobacterial biomass were detected at both sites, regular monitoring of this valuable ecosystem for the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins is of paramount importance.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/960cyanobacteriacyanotoxinsmicrocystinHungaryhistopathology |
| spellingShingle | Zoran Marinović Nada Tokodi Damjana Drobac Backović Ilija Šćekić Nevena Kitanović Snežana B. Simić Nevena B. Đorđević Árpád Ferincz Ádám Staszny Tamara Dulić Jussi Meriluoto Béla Urbányi Jelena Lujić Zorica Svirčev Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms? Microorganisms cyanobacteria cyanotoxins microcystin Hungary histopathology |
| title | Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms? |
| title_full | Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms? |
| title_fullStr | Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms? |
| title_short | Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms? |
| title_sort | does the kis balaton water protection system kbwps effectively safeguard lake balaton from toxic cyanobacterial blooms |
| topic | cyanobacteria cyanotoxins microcystin Hungary histopathology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/960 |
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