Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from Plants
The study of plant electrophysiology offers promising techniques to track plant health and stress in vivo for both agricultural and environmental monitoring applications. Use of superficial electrodes on the plant body to record surface potentials may provide new phenotyping insights. Bacterial nano...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2335 |
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| author | James Reynolds Michael Wilkins Devon Martin Matthew Taggart Kristina R. Rivera Meral Tunc-Ozdemir Thomas Rufty Edgar Lobaton Alper Bozkurt Michael A. Daniele |
| author_facet | James Reynolds Michael Wilkins Devon Martin Matthew Taggart Kristina R. Rivera Meral Tunc-Ozdemir Thomas Rufty Edgar Lobaton Alper Bozkurt Michael A. Daniele |
| author_sort | James Reynolds |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study of plant electrophysiology offers promising techniques to track plant health and stress in vivo for both agricultural and environmental monitoring applications. Use of superficial electrodes on the plant body to record surface potentials may provide new phenotyping insights. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a flexible, optically translucent, and water-vapor-permeable material with low manufacturing costs, making it an ideal substrate for non-invasive and non-destructive plant electrodes. This work presents BNC electrodes with screen-printed carbon (graphite) ink-based conductive traces and pads. It investigates the potential of these electrodes for plant surface electrophysiology measurements in comparison to commercially available standard wet gel and needle electrodes. The electrochemically active surface area and impedance of the BNC electrodes varied based on the annealing temperature and time over the ranges of 50 °C to 90 °C and 5 to 60 min, respectively. The water vapor transfer rate and optical transmittance of the BNC substrate were measured to estimate the level of occlusion caused by these surface electrodes on the plant tissue. The total reduction in chlorophyll content under the electrodes was measured after the electrodes were placed on maize leaves for up to 300 h, showing that the BNC caused only a 16% reduction. Maize leaf transpiration was reduced by only 20% under the BNC electrodes after 72 h compared to a 60% reduction under wet gel electrodes in 48 h. On three different model plants, BNC–carbon ink surface electrodes and standard invasive needle electrodes were shown to have a comparable signal quality, with a correlation coefficient of >0.9, when measuring surface biopotentials induced by acute environmental stressors. These are strong indications of the superior performance of the BNC substrate with screen-printed graphite ink as an electrode material for plant surface biopotential recordings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:34:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89cb3b885d8b481fbb0b861fca7690f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:34:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-89cb3b885d8b481fbb0b861fca7690f22024-04-12T13:26:48ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-04-01247233510.3390/s24072335Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from PlantsJames Reynolds0Michael Wilkins1Devon Martin2Matthew Taggart3Kristina R. Rivera4Meral Tunc-Ozdemir5Thomas Rufty6Edgar Lobaton7Alper Bozkurt8Michael A. Daniele9Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAJoint Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State University and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27695, USADepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USAThe study of plant electrophysiology offers promising techniques to track plant health and stress in vivo for both agricultural and environmental monitoring applications. Use of superficial electrodes on the plant body to record surface potentials may provide new phenotyping insights. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a flexible, optically translucent, and water-vapor-permeable material with low manufacturing costs, making it an ideal substrate for non-invasive and non-destructive plant electrodes. This work presents BNC electrodes with screen-printed carbon (graphite) ink-based conductive traces and pads. It investigates the potential of these electrodes for plant surface electrophysiology measurements in comparison to commercially available standard wet gel and needle electrodes. The electrochemically active surface area and impedance of the BNC electrodes varied based on the annealing temperature and time over the ranges of 50 °C to 90 °C and 5 to 60 min, respectively. The water vapor transfer rate and optical transmittance of the BNC substrate were measured to estimate the level of occlusion caused by these surface electrodes on the plant tissue. The total reduction in chlorophyll content under the electrodes was measured after the electrodes were placed on maize leaves for up to 300 h, showing that the BNC caused only a 16% reduction. Maize leaf transpiration was reduced by only 20% under the BNC electrodes after 72 h compared to a 60% reduction under wet gel electrodes in 48 h. On three different model plants, BNC–carbon ink surface electrodes and standard invasive needle electrodes were shown to have a comparable signal quality, with a correlation coefficient of >0.9, when measuring surface biopotentials induced by acute environmental stressors. These are strong indications of the superior performance of the BNC substrate with screen-printed graphite ink as an electrode material for plant surface biopotential recordings.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2335nanocelluloseelectrophysiologyplantelectrode |
| spellingShingle | James Reynolds Michael Wilkins Devon Martin Matthew Taggart Kristina R. Rivera Meral Tunc-Ozdemir Thomas Rufty Edgar Lobaton Alper Bozkurt Michael A. Daniele Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from Plants Sensors nanocellulose electrophysiology plant electrode |
| title | Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from Plants |
| title_full | Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from Plants |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from Plants |
| title_short | Evaluating Bacterial Nanocellulose Interfaces for Recording Surface Biopotentials from Plants |
| title_sort | evaluating bacterial nanocellulose interfaces for recording surface biopotentials from plants |
| topic | nanocellulose electrophysiology plant electrode |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2335 |
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