Composite Catalyst of Palm Mill Fly Ash-Supported Calcium Oxide Obtained from Eggshells for Transesterification of Off-Grade Palm Oil
This research was designed to synthesize a composite catalyst of palm oil fly ash-impregnated calcium oxide prepared from eggshell waste. Several preparation conditions, such as temperature and time applied to calcination and dehydration processes, were investigated. As a result, the optimum tempera...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/7/724 |
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| author | Zuchra Helwani Muliadi Ramli Edy Saputra Yogi Lesmana Putra Desly Fadila Simbolon Mohd Roslee Othman Rinaldi Idroes |
| author_facet | Zuchra Helwani Muliadi Ramli Edy Saputra Yogi Lesmana Putra Desly Fadila Simbolon Mohd Roslee Othman Rinaldi Idroes |
| author_sort | Zuchra Helwani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research was designed to synthesize a composite catalyst of palm oil fly ash-impregnated calcium oxide prepared from eggshell waste. Several preparation conditions, such as temperature and time applied to calcination and dehydration processes, were investigated. As a result, the optimum temperature and the length of time of calcination were 900 °C and 3 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the dehydration process was performed optimally at 600 °C for 3 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the obtained catalyst mostly contained calcium oxide compounds (CaO and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) and minor impurities of silica oxides (SiO<sub>2</sub> and Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>), with a catalyst-specific surface area of 30.24 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Regarding its catalytic performance, the composite catalyst proved successful for prospective application the in transesterification of palm oil off-grade, resulting in methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, which are two biodiesel compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:50:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89cb5342880f400f8a12cc7d2affe6e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:50:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-89cb5342880f400f8a12cc7d2affe6e92023-11-20T05:12:26ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-06-0110772410.3390/catal10070724Composite Catalyst of Palm Mill Fly Ash-Supported Calcium Oxide Obtained from Eggshells for Transesterification of Off-Grade Palm OilZuchra Helwani0Muliadi Ramli1Edy Saputra2Yogi Lesmana Putra3Desly Fadila Simbolon4Mohd Roslee Othman5Rinaldi Idroes6Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28293, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28293, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28293, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28293, IndonesiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, University Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaThis research was designed to synthesize a composite catalyst of palm oil fly ash-impregnated calcium oxide prepared from eggshell waste. Several preparation conditions, such as temperature and time applied to calcination and dehydration processes, were investigated. As a result, the optimum temperature and the length of time of calcination were 900 °C and 3 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the dehydration process was performed optimally at 600 °C for 3 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the obtained catalyst mostly contained calcium oxide compounds (CaO and Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) and minor impurities of silica oxides (SiO<sub>2</sub> and Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>), with a catalyst-specific surface area of 30.24 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Regarding its catalytic performance, the composite catalyst proved successful for prospective application the in transesterification of palm oil off-grade, resulting in methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, which are two biodiesel compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/7/724biodieselcalcium oxidecatalystsfly ashtransesterification |
| spellingShingle | Zuchra Helwani Muliadi Ramli Edy Saputra Yogi Lesmana Putra Desly Fadila Simbolon Mohd Roslee Othman Rinaldi Idroes Composite Catalyst of Palm Mill Fly Ash-Supported Calcium Oxide Obtained from Eggshells for Transesterification of Off-Grade Palm Oil Catalysts biodiesel calcium oxide catalysts fly ash transesterification |
| title | Composite Catalyst of Palm Mill Fly Ash-Supported Calcium Oxide Obtained from Eggshells for Transesterification of Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_full | Composite Catalyst of Palm Mill Fly Ash-Supported Calcium Oxide Obtained from Eggshells for Transesterification of Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_fullStr | Composite Catalyst of Palm Mill Fly Ash-Supported Calcium Oxide Obtained from Eggshells for Transesterification of Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Composite Catalyst of Palm Mill Fly Ash-Supported Calcium Oxide Obtained from Eggshells for Transesterification of Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_short | Composite Catalyst of Palm Mill Fly Ash-Supported Calcium Oxide Obtained from Eggshells for Transesterification of Off-Grade Palm Oil |
| title_sort | composite catalyst of palm mill fly ash supported calcium oxide obtained from eggshells for transesterification of off grade palm oil |
| topic | biodiesel calcium oxide catalysts fly ash transesterification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/7/724 |
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