BMI-based obesity classification misses children and adolescents with raised cardiometabolic risk due to increased adiposity
Abstract Objective To assess how inaccurately the body mass index (BMI) is used to diagnose obesity compared to body fat percentage (BF%) measurement and to compare the cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with or without obesity according to BMI but with a similar BF%. Methods A retrosp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Cardiovascular Diabetology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01972-8 |
| _version_ | 1827635710974230528 |
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| author | J. Karina Zapata M. Cristina Azcona-Sanjulian Victoria Catalán Beatriz Ramírez Camilo Silva Amaia Rodríguez Javier Escalada Gema Frühbeck Javier Gómez-Ambrosi |
| author_facet | J. Karina Zapata M. Cristina Azcona-Sanjulian Victoria Catalán Beatriz Ramírez Camilo Silva Amaia Rodríguez Javier Escalada Gema Frühbeck Javier Gómez-Ambrosi |
| author_sort | J. Karina Zapata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective To assess how inaccurately the body mass index (BMI) is used to diagnose obesity compared to body fat percentage (BF%) measurement and to compare the cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with or without obesity according to BMI but with a similar BF%. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional investigation was conducted including 553 (378 females/175 males) white children and adolescents aged 6–17 years, 197 with normal weight (NW), 144 with overweight (OW) and 212 with obesity (OB) according to BMI. In addition to BMI, BF% measured by air displacement plethysmography, as well as markers of cardiometabolic risk had been determined in the existing cohort. Results We found that 7% of subjects considered as NW and 62% of children and adolescents classified as OW according to BMI presented a BF% within the obesity range. Children and adolescents without obesity by the BMI criterion but with obesity by BF% exhibited higher blood pressure and C-reactive protein (CRP) in boys, and higher blood pressure, glucose, uric acid, CRP and white blood cells count, as well as reduced HDL-cholesterol, in girls, similar to those with obesity by BMI and BF%. Importantly, both groups of subjects with obesity by BF% showed a similarly altered glucose homeostasis after an OGTT as compared to their NW counterparts. Conclusions Results from the present study suggest increased cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents without obesity according to BMI but with obesity based on BF%. Being aware of the difficulty in determining body composition in everyday clinical practice, our data show that its inclusion could yield clinically useful information both for the diagnosis and treatment of overweight and obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:31:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89cfbe22a2394f7e84c9949f88ea794d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2840 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:31:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cardiovascular Diabetology |
| spelling | doaj.art-89cfbe22a2394f7e84c9949f88ea794d2023-11-26T12:15:44ZengBMCCardiovascular Diabetology1475-28402023-09-0122111010.1186/s12933-023-01972-8BMI-based obesity classification misses children and adolescents with raised cardiometabolic risk due to increased adiposityJ. Karina Zapata0M. Cristina Azcona-Sanjulian1Victoria Catalán2Beatriz Ramírez3Camilo Silva4Amaia Rodríguez5Javier Escalada6Gema Frühbeck7Javier Gómez-Ambrosi8Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de NavarraPaediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Clínica Universidad de NavarraInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de NavarraInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de NavarraDepartment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de NavarraInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)Abstract Objective To assess how inaccurately the body mass index (BMI) is used to diagnose obesity compared to body fat percentage (BF%) measurement and to compare the cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with or without obesity according to BMI but with a similar BF%. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional investigation was conducted including 553 (378 females/175 males) white children and adolescents aged 6–17 years, 197 with normal weight (NW), 144 with overweight (OW) and 212 with obesity (OB) according to BMI. In addition to BMI, BF% measured by air displacement plethysmography, as well as markers of cardiometabolic risk had been determined in the existing cohort. Results We found that 7% of subjects considered as NW and 62% of children and adolescents classified as OW according to BMI presented a BF% within the obesity range. Children and adolescents without obesity by the BMI criterion but with obesity by BF% exhibited higher blood pressure and C-reactive protein (CRP) in boys, and higher blood pressure, glucose, uric acid, CRP and white blood cells count, as well as reduced HDL-cholesterol, in girls, similar to those with obesity by BMI and BF%. Importantly, both groups of subjects with obesity by BF% showed a similarly altered glucose homeostasis after an OGTT as compared to their NW counterparts. Conclusions Results from the present study suggest increased cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents without obesity according to BMI but with obesity based on BF%. Being aware of the difficulty in determining body composition in everyday clinical practice, our data show that its inclusion could yield clinically useful information both for the diagnosis and treatment of overweight and obesity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01972-8ObesityBMIAdiposityChildrenAdolescentsDiagnosis |
| spellingShingle | J. Karina Zapata M. Cristina Azcona-Sanjulian Victoria Catalán Beatriz Ramírez Camilo Silva Amaia Rodríguez Javier Escalada Gema Frühbeck Javier Gómez-Ambrosi BMI-based obesity classification misses children and adolescents with raised cardiometabolic risk due to increased adiposity Cardiovascular Diabetology Obesity BMI Adiposity Children Adolescents Diagnosis |
| title | BMI-based obesity classification misses children and adolescents with raised cardiometabolic risk due to increased adiposity |
| title_full | BMI-based obesity classification misses children and adolescents with raised cardiometabolic risk due to increased adiposity |
| title_fullStr | BMI-based obesity classification misses children and adolescents with raised cardiometabolic risk due to increased adiposity |
| title_full_unstemmed | BMI-based obesity classification misses children and adolescents with raised cardiometabolic risk due to increased adiposity |
| title_short | BMI-based obesity classification misses children and adolescents with raised cardiometabolic risk due to increased adiposity |
| title_sort | bmi based obesity classification misses children and adolescents with raised cardiometabolic risk due to increased adiposity |
| topic | Obesity BMI Adiposity Children Adolescents Diagnosis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-023-01972-8 |
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