Highly Conserved Evolution of Aquaporin PIPs and TIPs Confers Their Crucial Contribution to Flowering Process in Plants
Flowering is the key process for the sexual reproduction in seed plants. In gramineous crops, the process of flowering, which includes the actions of both glume opening and glume closing, is directly driven by the swelling and withering of lodicules due to the water flow into and out of lodicule cel...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.761713/full |
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| author | Qi Li Tao Tong Wei Jiang Jianhui Cheng Fenglin Deng Xiaojian Wu Zhong-Hua Chen Younan Ouyang Fanrong Zeng Fanrong Zeng |
| author_facet | Qi Li Tao Tong Wei Jiang Jianhui Cheng Fenglin Deng Xiaojian Wu Zhong-Hua Chen Younan Ouyang Fanrong Zeng Fanrong Zeng |
| author_sort | Qi Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flowering is the key process for the sexual reproduction in seed plants. In gramineous crops, the process of flowering, which includes the actions of both glume opening and glume closing, is directly driven by the swelling and withering of lodicules due to the water flow into and out of lodicule cells. All these processes are considered to be controlled by aquaporins, which are the essential transmembrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water and other small molecules across the biological membranes. In the present study, the evolution of aquaporins and their contribution to flowering process in plants were investigated via an integration of genome-wide analysis and gene expression profiling. Across the barley genome, we found that HvTIP1;1, HvTIP1;2, HvTIP2;3, and HvPIP2;1 were the predominant aquaporin genes in lodicules and significantly upregulated in responding to glume opening and closing, suggesting the importance of them in the flowering process of barley. Likewise, the putative homologs of the above four aquaporin genes were also abundantly expressed in lodicules of the other monocots like rice and maize and in petals of eudicots like cotton, tobacco, and tomato. Furthermore, all of them were mostly upregulated in responding to the process of floret opening, indicating a conserved function of these aquaporin proteins in plant flowering. The phylogenetic analysis based on the OneKP database revealed that the homologs of TIP1;1, TIP1;2, TIP2;3, and PIP2;1 were highly conserved during the evolution, especially in the angiosperm species, in line with their conserved function in controlling the flowering process. Taken together, it could be concluded that the highly evolutionary conservation of TIP1;1, TIP1;2, TIP2;3 and PIP2;1 plays important roles in the flowering process for both monocots and eudicots. |
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| id | doaj.art-89d17bc3c34f4b90be604af8d827fd67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:23:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-89d17bc3c34f4b90be604af8d827fd672022-12-22T04:09:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-01-011210.3389/fpls.2021.761713761713Highly Conserved Evolution of Aquaporin PIPs and TIPs Confers Their Crucial Contribution to Flowering Process in PlantsQi Li0Tao Tong1Wei Jiang2Jianhui Cheng3Fenglin Deng4Xiaojian Wu5Zhong-Hua Chen6Younan Ouyang7Fanrong Zeng8Fanrong Zeng9Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, ChinaZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, AustraliaChina National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, ChinaFlowering is the key process for the sexual reproduction in seed plants. In gramineous crops, the process of flowering, which includes the actions of both glume opening and glume closing, is directly driven by the swelling and withering of lodicules due to the water flow into and out of lodicule cells. All these processes are considered to be controlled by aquaporins, which are the essential transmembrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water and other small molecules across the biological membranes. In the present study, the evolution of aquaporins and their contribution to flowering process in plants were investigated via an integration of genome-wide analysis and gene expression profiling. Across the barley genome, we found that HvTIP1;1, HvTIP1;2, HvTIP2;3, and HvPIP2;1 were the predominant aquaporin genes in lodicules and significantly upregulated in responding to glume opening and closing, suggesting the importance of them in the flowering process of barley. Likewise, the putative homologs of the above four aquaporin genes were also abundantly expressed in lodicules of the other monocots like rice and maize and in petals of eudicots like cotton, tobacco, and tomato. Furthermore, all of them were mostly upregulated in responding to the process of floret opening, indicating a conserved function of these aquaporin proteins in plant flowering. The phylogenetic analysis based on the OneKP database revealed that the homologs of TIP1;1, TIP1;2, TIP2;3, and PIP2;1 were highly conserved during the evolution, especially in the angiosperm species, in line with their conserved function in controlling the flowering process. Taken together, it could be concluded that the highly evolutionary conservation of TIP1;1, TIP1;2, TIP2;3 and PIP2;1 plays important roles in the flowering process for both monocots and eudicots.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.761713/fullaquaporinsevolutionary conservationfloweringtranscriptomeabsolute quantificationlodicules |
| spellingShingle | Qi Li Tao Tong Wei Jiang Jianhui Cheng Fenglin Deng Xiaojian Wu Zhong-Hua Chen Younan Ouyang Fanrong Zeng Fanrong Zeng Highly Conserved Evolution of Aquaporin PIPs and TIPs Confers Their Crucial Contribution to Flowering Process in Plants Frontiers in Plant Science aquaporins evolutionary conservation flowering transcriptome absolute quantification lodicules |
| title | Highly Conserved Evolution of Aquaporin PIPs and TIPs Confers Their Crucial Contribution to Flowering Process in Plants |
| title_full | Highly Conserved Evolution of Aquaporin PIPs and TIPs Confers Their Crucial Contribution to Flowering Process in Plants |
| title_fullStr | Highly Conserved Evolution of Aquaporin PIPs and TIPs Confers Their Crucial Contribution to Flowering Process in Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly Conserved Evolution of Aquaporin PIPs and TIPs Confers Their Crucial Contribution to Flowering Process in Plants |
| title_short | Highly Conserved Evolution of Aquaporin PIPs and TIPs Confers Their Crucial Contribution to Flowering Process in Plants |
| title_sort | highly conserved evolution of aquaporin pips and tips confers their crucial contribution to flowering process in plants |
| topic | aquaporins evolutionary conservation flowering transcriptome absolute quantification lodicules |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.761713/full |
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