Potential Use of Amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruit Extract to Protect Skin Keratinocytes from Inflammation and Apoptosis after UVB Irradiation
Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is the primary risk factor for the deadliest type of skin cancer—melanoma. Incorporating natural antioxidants in skin protection products is currently a favored research theme. For this study, we selected <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L. fruit extract (PE) to as...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/703 |
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| author | Khwandow Kunchana Wattanased Jarisarapurin Linda Chularojmontri Suvara K. Wattanapitayakul |
| author_facet | Khwandow Kunchana Wattanased Jarisarapurin Linda Chularojmontri Suvara K. Wattanapitayakul |
| author_sort | Khwandow Kunchana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is the primary risk factor for the deadliest type of skin cancer—melanoma. Incorporating natural antioxidants in skin protection products is currently a favored research theme. For this study, we selected <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L. fruit extract (PE) to assess its potential use in dermal protection against UVB-induced keratinocyte inflammation and apoptosis. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to investigate PE’s phytochemical constituents (ascorbic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin), while ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total ROS, OH<sup>•</sup>, O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-scavenging activities were used to determine the antioxidant properties. PE significantly increased the cell viability (MTT assay) and reduced apoptosis (Hoechst staining) in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB (40 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>). PE abolished oxidative stress by reducing the production of intracellular ROS, O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production. Catalase activity (but not superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase activity) was enhanced in keratinocytes incubated with PE prior to UVB exposure. Western blot analysis suggested that PE inhibited cytochrome c release and inhibited the dysregulation of PI3K/Akt without any impact on p38 activation. PE attenuated the inflammatory response to UVB irradiation by inhibiting AP-1, NF-κB, and the mediator PGE<sub>2</sub>. Thus, PE is a candidate with great potential for use as an active ingredient in skin care products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:51:17Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:51:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-89d2241f5fc54c03a68dfb2e50716c102023-11-21T17:43:40ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-04-0110570310.3390/antiox10050703Potential Use of Amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruit Extract to Protect Skin Keratinocytes from Inflammation and Apoptosis after UVB IrradiationKhwandow Kunchana0Wattanased Jarisarapurin1Linda Chularojmontri2Suvara K. Wattanapitayakul3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, ThailandDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, ThailandDepartment of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12121, ThailandDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, ThailandUltraviolet B (UVB) exposure is the primary risk factor for the deadliest type of skin cancer—melanoma. Incorporating natural antioxidants in skin protection products is currently a favored research theme. For this study, we selected <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L. fruit extract (PE) to assess its potential use in dermal protection against UVB-induced keratinocyte inflammation and apoptosis. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to investigate PE’s phytochemical constituents (ascorbic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin), while ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), total ROS, OH<sup>•</sup>, O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-scavenging activities were used to determine the antioxidant properties. PE significantly increased the cell viability (MTT assay) and reduced apoptosis (Hoechst staining) in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB (40 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>). PE abolished oxidative stress by reducing the production of intracellular ROS, O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production. Catalase activity (but not superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase activity) was enhanced in keratinocytes incubated with PE prior to UVB exposure. Western blot analysis suggested that PE inhibited cytochrome c release and inhibited the dysregulation of PI3K/Akt without any impact on p38 activation. PE attenuated the inflammatory response to UVB irradiation by inhibiting AP-1, NF-κB, and the mediator PGE<sub>2</sub>. Thus, PE is a candidate with great potential for use as an active ingredient in skin care products.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/703amla<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i><i>Emblica officinalis</i>keratinocytesHaCaTultraviolet rays |
| spellingShingle | Khwandow Kunchana Wattanased Jarisarapurin Linda Chularojmontri Suvara K. Wattanapitayakul Potential Use of Amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruit Extract to Protect Skin Keratinocytes from Inflammation and Apoptosis after UVB Irradiation Antioxidants amla <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> <i>Emblica officinalis</i> keratinocytes HaCaT ultraviolet rays |
| title | Potential Use of Amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruit Extract to Protect Skin Keratinocytes from Inflammation and Apoptosis after UVB Irradiation |
| title_full | Potential Use of Amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruit Extract to Protect Skin Keratinocytes from Inflammation and Apoptosis after UVB Irradiation |
| title_fullStr | Potential Use of Amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruit Extract to Protect Skin Keratinocytes from Inflammation and Apoptosis after UVB Irradiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential Use of Amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruit Extract to Protect Skin Keratinocytes from Inflammation and Apoptosis after UVB Irradiation |
| title_short | Potential Use of Amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruit Extract to Protect Skin Keratinocytes from Inflammation and Apoptosis after UVB Irradiation |
| title_sort | potential use of amla i phyllanthus emblica i l fruit extract to protect skin keratinocytes from inflammation and apoptosis after uvb irradiation |
| topic | amla <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> <i>Emblica officinalis</i> keratinocytes HaCaT ultraviolet rays |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/703 |
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