The Effects of Diet Formulation on the Yield, Proximate Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile of the Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) Prepupae Intended for Animal Feed
The black soldier fly (BSF; <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) is a very promising insect species due to the ability to convert low-value substrates in highly nutrient feed. This work aimed to study the effect of three nominally isoenergetic diets containing plant ingredients such as barley, a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/4/178 |
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| author | Pier Paolo Danieli Carola Lussiana Laura Gasco Andrea Amici Bruno Ronchi |
| author_facet | Pier Paolo Danieli Carola Lussiana Laura Gasco Andrea Amici Bruno Ronchi |
| author_sort | Pier Paolo Danieli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The black soldier fly (BSF; <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) is a very promising insect species due to the ability to convert low-value substrates in highly nutrient feed. This work aimed to study the effect of three nominally isoenergetic diets containing plant ingredients such as barley, alfalfa, and wheat byproducts, formulated to be higher in nonfiber carbohydrates (TMD1), fibers (TMD2), and protein (TMD3) in comparison to an extensively genetic modified cereal (cornmeal)-based diet (C), on the growth, yield, and nutritive traits of BSF prepupae (BSFPs). Three growing trials with four biological replicates were carried out. Proximate and fatty acid analyses were performed on the diets and BSFPs. Feed conversion ratios (FCR), dry matter and nutrient yields, and apparent concentration factors (aBCF) for fatty acids (FAs) were calculated. Diet formulation had a substantial effect on the survival, development rate, and larval yield, but the FCR was unaffected. The BSFPs fed TMD3 did not result in a higher crude protein content in comparison to the C or TMD2 diets. Despite the leveled fat content of the diets, BSFPs reared on TMD1 were highest in fat, saturated FA, and fat yield. An apparent bioconcentration factor (aBCF) value lower than unity that was found for the unsaturated FA suggests that the BSFPs inefficiently absorb them from the diet or possibly turn them into saturated FA. However, the unsaturated FA accumulation in BSFPs depended on the levels that were found in the diet, which suggested some possibilities for the FA profile modulation. Overall, the TMD2 performed well despite the low-value of its main ingredients and high fiber content and can be considered to be a feasible option for the mass rearing of BSFPs that are intended for animal feed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:18:37Z |
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| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:18:37Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-89d2dc133db7407bad3d4730ecfbb0852022-12-21T18:48:23ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152019-04-019417810.3390/ani9040178ani9040178The Effects of Diet Formulation on the Yield, Proximate Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile of the Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) Prepupae Intended for Animal FeedPier Paolo Danieli0Carola Lussiana1Laura Gasco2Andrea Amici3Bruno Ronchi4Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), ItalyDepartment of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyThe black soldier fly (BSF; <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) is a very promising insect species due to the ability to convert low-value substrates in highly nutrient feed. This work aimed to study the effect of three nominally isoenergetic diets containing plant ingredients such as barley, alfalfa, and wheat byproducts, formulated to be higher in nonfiber carbohydrates (TMD1), fibers (TMD2), and protein (TMD3) in comparison to an extensively genetic modified cereal (cornmeal)-based diet (C), on the growth, yield, and nutritive traits of BSF prepupae (BSFPs). Three growing trials with four biological replicates were carried out. Proximate and fatty acid analyses were performed on the diets and BSFPs. Feed conversion ratios (FCR), dry matter and nutrient yields, and apparent concentration factors (aBCF) for fatty acids (FAs) were calculated. Diet formulation had a substantial effect on the survival, development rate, and larval yield, but the FCR was unaffected. The BSFPs fed TMD3 did not result in a higher crude protein content in comparison to the C or TMD2 diets. Despite the leveled fat content of the diets, BSFPs reared on TMD1 were highest in fat, saturated FA, and fat yield. An apparent bioconcentration factor (aBCF) value lower than unity that was found for the unsaturated FA suggests that the BSFPs inefficiently absorb them from the diet or possibly turn them into saturated FA. However, the unsaturated FA accumulation in BSFPs depended on the levels that were found in the diet, which suggested some possibilities for the FA profile modulation. Overall, the TMD2 performed well despite the low-value of its main ingredients and high fiber content and can be considered to be a feasible option for the mass rearing of BSFPs that are intended for animal feed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/4/178low-value feedstockscereal byproductsgrowth performancediet optimizationinsects for feedfatty acid apparent concentration factor |
| spellingShingle | Pier Paolo Danieli Carola Lussiana Laura Gasco Andrea Amici Bruno Ronchi The Effects of Diet Formulation on the Yield, Proximate Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile of the Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) Prepupae Intended for Animal Feed Animals low-value feedstocks cereal byproducts growth performance diet optimization insects for feed fatty acid apparent concentration factor |
| title | The Effects of Diet Formulation on the Yield, Proximate Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile of the Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) Prepupae Intended for Animal Feed |
| title_full | The Effects of Diet Formulation on the Yield, Proximate Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile of the Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) Prepupae Intended for Animal Feed |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Diet Formulation on the Yield, Proximate Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile of the Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) Prepupae Intended for Animal Feed |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Diet Formulation on the Yield, Proximate Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile of the Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) Prepupae Intended for Animal Feed |
| title_short | The Effects of Diet Formulation on the Yield, Proximate Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile of the Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetia illucens</i> L.) Prepupae Intended for Animal Feed |
| title_sort | effects of diet formulation on the yield proximate composition and fatty acid profile of the black soldier fly i hermetia illucens i l prepupae intended for animal feed |
| topic | low-value feedstocks cereal byproducts growth performance diet optimization insects for feed fatty acid apparent concentration factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/4/178 |
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