Diversity and Function of Appressoria
Endophytic, saprobic, and pathogenic fungi have evolved elaborate strategies to obtain nutrients from plants. Among the diverse plant-fungi interactions, the most crucial event is the attachment and penetration of the plant surface. Appressoria, specialized infection structures, have been evolved to...
| Principais autores: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| coleção: | Pathogens |
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/6/746 |
| _version_ | 1827689863448625152 |
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| author | K. W. Thilini Chethana Ruvishika S. Jayawardena Yi-Jyun Chen Sirinapa Konta Saowaluck Tibpromma Pranami D. Abeywickrama Deecksha Gomdola Abhaya Balasuriya Jianping Xu Saisamorn Lumyong Kevin D. Hyde |
| author_facet | K. W. Thilini Chethana Ruvishika S. Jayawardena Yi-Jyun Chen Sirinapa Konta Saowaluck Tibpromma Pranami D. Abeywickrama Deecksha Gomdola Abhaya Balasuriya Jianping Xu Saisamorn Lumyong Kevin D. Hyde |
| author_sort | K. W. Thilini Chethana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endophytic, saprobic, and pathogenic fungi have evolved elaborate strategies to obtain nutrients from plants. Among the diverse plant-fungi interactions, the most crucial event is the attachment and penetration of the plant surface. Appressoria, specialized infection structures, have been evolved to facilitate this purpose. In this review, we describe the diversity of these appressoria and classify them into two main groups: single-celled appressoria (proto-appressoria, hyaline appressoria, melanized (dark) appressoria) and compound appressoria. The ultrastructure of appressoria, their initiation, their formation, and their function in fungi are discussed. We reviewed the molecular mechanisms regulating the formation and function of appressoria, their strategies to evade host defenses, and the related genomics and transcriptomics. The current review provides a foundation for comprehensive studies regarding their evolution and diversity in different fungal groups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:27:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89deed1a4b304e20bddf186364c72e17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:27:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-89deed1a4b304e20bddf186364c72e172023-11-21T23:55:02ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-06-0110674610.3390/pathogens10060746Diversity and Function of AppressoriaK. W. Thilini Chethana0Ruvishika S. Jayawardena1Yi-Jyun Chen2Sirinapa Konta3Saowaluck Tibpromma4Pranami D. Abeywickrama5Deecksha Gomdola6Abhaya Balasuriya7Jianping Xu8Saisamorn Lumyong9Kevin D. Hyde10Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandCAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, ChinaCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri LankaDepartment of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaCenter of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandInnovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaEndophytic, saprobic, and pathogenic fungi have evolved elaborate strategies to obtain nutrients from plants. Among the diverse plant-fungi interactions, the most crucial event is the attachment and penetration of the plant surface. Appressoria, specialized infection structures, have been evolved to facilitate this purpose. In this review, we describe the diversity of these appressoria and classify them into two main groups: single-celled appressoria (proto-appressoria, hyaline appressoria, melanized (dark) appressoria) and compound appressoria. The ultrastructure of appressoria, their initiation, their formation, and their function in fungi are discussed. We reviewed the molecular mechanisms regulating the formation and function of appressoria, their strategies to evade host defenses, and the related genomics and transcriptomics. The current review provides a foundation for comprehensive studies regarding their evolution and diversity in different fungal groups.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/6/746host-defensehost-recognitionhyaline appressoriainfection processmelanized appressoriaproto-appressoria |
| spellingShingle | K. W. Thilini Chethana Ruvishika S. Jayawardena Yi-Jyun Chen Sirinapa Konta Saowaluck Tibpromma Pranami D. Abeywickrama Deecksha Gomdola Abhaya Balasuriya Jianping Xu Saisamorn Lumyong Kevin D. Hyde Diversity and Function of Appressoria Pathogens host-defense host-recognition hyaline appressoria infection process melanized appressoria proto-appressoria |
| title | Diversity and Function of Appressoria |
| title_full | Diversity and Function of Appressoria |
| title_fullStr | Diversity and Function of Appressoria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and Function of Appressoria |
| title_short | Diversity and Function of Appressoria |
| title_sort | diversity and function of appressoria |
| topic | host-defense host-recognition hyaline appressoria infection process melanized appressoria proto-appressoria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/6/746 |
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