Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles
Being able to systematically modify the electric properties of nano- and microparticles opens up new possibilities for the bottom-up fabrication of advanced materials such as the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) colloidal and granular materials. Fabricating 1D structures from individual particles...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/10/1212 |
| _version_ | 1811326410175807488 |
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| author | Alexander Mikkelsen Ahmet Kertmen Khobaib Khobaib Michal Rajňák Juraj Kurimský Zbigniew Rozynek |
| author_facet | Alexander Mikkelsen Ahmet Kertmen Khobaib Khobaib Michal Rajňák Juraj Kurimský Zbigniew Rozynek |
| author_sort | Alexander Mikkelsen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Being able to systematically modify the electric properties of nano- and microparticles opens up new possibilities for the bottom-up fabrication of advanced materials such as the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) colloidal and granular materials. Fabricating 1D structures from individual particles offers plenty of applications ranging from electronic sensors and photovoltaics to artificial flagella for hydrodynamic propulsion. In this work, we demonstrate the assembly of 1D structures composed of individual microparticles with modified electric properties, pulled out of a liquid environment into air. Polystyrene particles were modified by sulfonation for different reaction times and characterized by dielectric spectroscopy and dipolar force measurements. We found that by increasing the sulfonation time, the values of both electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the particles increase, and that the relaxation frequency of particle electric polarization changes, causing the measured dielectric loss of the particles to shift towards higher frequencies. We attributed these results to water adsorbed at the surface of the particles. With sulfonated polystyrene particles exhibiting a range of electric properties, we showed how the electric properties of individual particles influence the formation of 1D structures. By tuning applied voltage and frequency, we were able to control the formation and dynamics of 1D structures, including chain bending and oscillation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:48:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89df49baf15c4ecea25b0d211ccdd791 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:48:48Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-89df49baf15c4ecea25b0d211ccdd7912022-12-22T02:42:40ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442017-10-011010121210.3390/ma10101212ma10101212Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene MicroparticlesAlexander Mikkelsen0Ahmet Kertmen1Khobaib Khobaib2Michal Rajňák3Juraj Kurimský4Zbigniew Rozynek5Institute of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, PolandInstitute of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, PolandInstitute of Experimental Physics SAS, Watsonova 47, 040-01 Kosice, SlovakiaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, SlovakiaInstitute of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, PolandBeing able to systematically modify the electric properties of nano- and microparticles opens up new possibilities for the bottom-up fabrication of advanced materials such as the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) colloidal and granular materials. Fabricating 1D structures from individual particles offers plenty of applications ranging from electronic sensors and photovoltaics to artificial flagella for hydrodynamic propulsion. In this work, we demonstrate the assembly of 1D structures composed of individual microparticles with modified electric properties, pulled out of a liquid environment into air. Polystyrene particles were modified by sulfonation for different reaction times and characterized by dielectric spectroscopy and dipolar force measurements. We found that by increasing the sulfonation time, the values of both electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the particles increase, and that the relaxation frequency of particle electric polarization changes, causing the measured dielectric loss of the particles to shift towards higher frequencies. We attributed these results to water adsorbed at the surface of the particles. With sulfonated polystyrene particles exhibiting a range of electric properties, we showed how the electric properties of individual particles influence the formation of 1D structures. By tuning applied voltage and frequency, we were able to control the formation and dynamics of 1D structures, including chain bending and oscillation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/10/1212spherical polystyrene particlesmicroparticlessulfonationelectric conductivitydielectric constantelectric fieldsfield-driven assembly1D structures |
| spellingShingle | Alexander Mikkelsen Ahmet Kertmen Khobaib Khobaib Michal Rajňák Juraj Kurimský Zbigniew Rozynek Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles Materials spherical polystyrene particles microparticles sulfonation electric conductivity dielectric constant electric fields field-driven assembly 1D structures |
| title | Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles |
| title_full | Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles |
| title_fullStr | Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles |
| title_short | Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles |
| title_sort | assembly of 1d granular structures from sulfonated polystyrene microparticles |
| topic | spherical polystyrene particles microparticles sulfonation electric conductivity dielectric constant electric fields field-driven assembly 1D structures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/10/1212 |
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