Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) Sprouts
Compared to the traditional production of ginseng roots, <i>Panax ginseng</i> sprouts (PGSs) are currently regarded as a substitute due to the relatively short-term culture but still high nutrition. However, the optimal light intensity for the growth ability of PGSs and the characterizat...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2375 |
| _version_ | 1797581656667717632 |
|---|---|
| author | Jinnan Song Jingli Yang Byoung Ryong Jeong |
| author_facet | Jinnan Song Jingli Yang Byoung Ryong Jeong |
| author_sort | Jinnan Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Compared to the traditional production of ginseng roots, <i>Panax ginseng</i> sprouts (PGSs) are currently regarded as a substitute due to the relatively short-term culture but still high nutrition. However, the optimal light intensity for the growth ability of PGSs and the characterizations of the responses of PGSs to the light intensity have been largely neglected. This study aimed to determine the influences of the light intensity on the growth, morphogenesis, and photosynthetic responses in PGSs. To this end, two-year-old ginseng rootlets were subjected to one of six light intensities (from 30 to 280 PPFD with 50 PPFD intervals) in a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) via LED light for 10 weeks. On the whole, the recorded parameters of the PGSs showed gradually decreasing trends in response to the increasing light intensities. However, the 80 PPFD-treated PGSs possessed similar or greater root dry weights, leaf areas, carotenoids levels, and photosynthesis (the maximal PSII quantum yield) compared to those in the 30 PPFD regime. Additionally, photoinhibition symptoms as evidenced by chlorosis, necrosis, and stunted growth were observed as the light intensity attained 180 PPFD. Thus, 130 PPFD could be considered a safe point for the appearance of photoinhibition in PGSs. Taken together, we show that the light intensity range of 30–80 PPFD is suitable for maximizing the production of PGSs in PFALs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:07:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89e29ac616b049cb9f6f83c22d8e069e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:07:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-89e29ac616b049cb9f6f83c22d8e069e2023-11-19T09:11:24ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-09-01139237510.3390/agronomy13092375Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) SproutsJinnan Song0Jingli Yang1Byoung Ryong Jeong2Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, ChinaShandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, ChinaDepartment of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of KoreaCompared to the traditional production of ginseng roots, <i>Panax ginseng</i> sprouts (PGSs) are currently regarded as a substitute due to the relatively short-term culture but still high nutrition. However, the optimal light intensity for the growth ability of PGSs and the characterizations of the responses of PGSs to the light intensity have been largely neglected. This study aimed to determine the influences of the light intensity on the growth, morphogenesis, and photosynthetic responses in PGSs. To this end, two-year-old ginseng rootlets were subjected to one of six light intensities (from 30 to 280 PPFD with 50 PPFD intervals) in a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) via LED light for 10 weeks. On the whole, the recorded parameters of the PGSs showed gradually decreasing trends in response to the increasing light intensities. However, the 80 PPFD-treated PGSs possessed similar or greater root dry weights, leaf areas, carotenoids levels, and photosynthesis (the maximal PSII quantum yield) compared to those in the 30 PPFD regime. Additionally, photoinhibition symptoms as evidenced by chlorosis, necrosis, and stunted growth were observed as the light intensity attained 180 PPFD. Thus, 130 PPFD could be considered a safe point for the appearance of photoinhibition in PGSs. Taken together, we show that the light intensity range of 30–80 PPFD is suitable for maximizing the production of PGSs in PFALs.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2375photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)morphogenesisphotosynthesis pigmentsplant factoryquantum yieldleaf area |
| spellingShingle | Jinnan Song Jingli Yang Byoung Ryong Jeong Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) Sprouts Agronomy photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) morphogenesis photosynthesis pigments plant factory quantum yield leaf area |
| title | Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) Sprouts |
| title_full | Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) Sprouts |
| title_fullStr | Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) Sprouts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) Sprouts |
| title_short | Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Increased LED Light Intensity in Korean Ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) Sprouts |
| title_sort | growth and photosynthetic responses to increased led light intensity in korean ginseng i panax ginseng i c a meyer sprouts |
| topic | photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) morphogenesis photosynthesis pigments plant factory quantum yield leaf area |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/9/2375 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jinnansong growthandphotosyntheticresponsestoincreasedledlightintensityinkoreanginsengipanaxginsengicameyersprouts AT jingliyang growthandphotosyntheticresponsestoincreasedledlightintensityinkoreanginsengipanaxginsengicameyersprouts AT byoungryongjeong growthandphotosyntheticresponsestoincreasedledlightintensityinkoreanginsengipanaxginsengicameyersprouts |