| Summary: | Backfat deposition is strongly related to carcass traits, growth rate, feed conversion rate, and reproductive performance in pig production. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying porcine backfat thickness phenotypes, transcriptome and miRNA profiling of backfat from high-backfat thickness and low-backfat thickness pigs were performed by RNA sequencing. Twenty genes encoding for miRNAs and 126 genes encoding for protein-coding genes were found to be differentially expressed between the two libraries. After integrative analysis of DEMs targets and DEGs, a total of 33 mRNA‒miRNA interaction pairs were identified, and the regulatory networks of these pairs were determined. Among these genes, five (<i>AQP9</i>, <i>DKK3</i>, <i>GLYCTK</i>, <i>GLIPR1</i>, and <i>DUSP2</i>) related to fat deposition were found to be strong candidate genes, and mir-31-5p/<i>AQP9</i> and mir-31-5p/<i>GLIPR1</i> may play important roles in fat deposition. Additionally, potential adipogenesis-related genes and miRNAs were identified. These findings improve the current understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of subcutaneous fat deposition in pigs and provide a foundation for further studies.
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