Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurred
Abstract Background Poliomyelitis outbreaks due to pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are threatening and complicating the global polio eradication initiative. Most of these VDPVs are genetic recombinants with non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) of species C. Little is known about factors f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07826-0 |
| _version_ | 1797988410402537472 |
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| author | Richter Razafindratsimandresy Marie-Line Joffret Soa Fy Andriamandimby Seta Andriamamonjy Sendraharimanana Rabemanantsoa Vincent Richard Francis Delpeyroux Jean-Michel Heraud Maël Bessaud |
| author_facet | Richter Razafindratsimandresy Marie-Line Joffret Soa Fy Andriamandimby Seta Andriamamonjy Sendraharimanana Rabemanantsoa Vincent Richard Francis Delpeyroux Jean-Michel Heraud Maël Bessaud |
| author_sort | Richter Razafindratsimandresy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Poliomyelitis outbreaks due to pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are threatening and complicating the global polio eradication initiative. Most of these VDPVs are genetic recombinants with non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) of species C. Little is known about factors favoring this genetic macroevolution process. Since 2001, Madagascar has experienced several outbreaks of poliomyelitis due to VDPVs, and most of VDPVs were isolated in the south of the island. The current study explored some of the viral factors that can promote and explain the emergence of recombinant VDPVs in Madagascar. Methods Between May to August 2011, we collected stools from healthy children living in two southern and two northern regions of Madagascar. Virus isolation was done in RD, HEp-2c, and L20B cell lines, and enteroviruses were detected using a wide-spectrum 5ʹ-untranslated region RT-PCR assay. NPEVs were then sequenced for the VP1 gene used for viral genotyping. Results Overall, we collected 1309 stools, of which 351 NPEVs (26.8%) were identified. Sequencing revealed 33 types of viruses belonging to three different species: Enterovirus A (8.5%), Enterovirus B (EV-B, 40.2%), and Enterovirus C (EV-C, 51.3%). EV-C species included coxsackievirus A13, A17, and A20 previously described as putative recombination partners for poliovirus vaccine strains. Interestingly, the isolation rate was higher among stools originating from the South (30.3% vs. 23.6%, p-value = 0.009). EV-C were predominant in southern sites (65.7%) while EV-B predominated in northern sites (54.9%). The factors that explain the relative abundance of EV-C in the South are still unknown. Conclusions Whatever its causes, the relative abundance of EV-C in the South of Madagascar may have promoted the infections of children by EV-C, including the PV vaccine strains, and have favored the recombination events between PVs and NPEVs in co-infected children, thus leading to the recurrent emergence of recombinant VDPVs in this region of Madagascar. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:03:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89f2a6c2226c4aaea20f4fa1e41f0e4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:03:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-89f2a6c2226c4aaea20f4fa1e41f0e4f2022-12-22T04:35:38ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342022-11-0122111210.1186/s12879-022-07826-0Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurredRichter Razafindratsimandresy0Marie-Line Joffret1Soa Fy Andriamandimby2Seta Andriamamonjy3Sendraharimanana Rabemanantsoa4Vincent Richard5Francis Delpeyroux6Jean-Michel Heraud7Maël Bessaud8Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de MadagascarInstitut PasteurVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur de MadagascarVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur de MadagascarVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur de MadagascarInternational Affairs Department, Institut PasteurInstitut PasteurVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur de MadagascarInstitut PasteurAbstract Background Poliomyelitis outbreaks due to pathogenic vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are threatening and complicating the global polio eradication initiative. Most of these VDPVs are genetic recombinants with non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) of species C. Little is known about factors favoring this genetic macroevolution process. Since 2001, Madagascar has experienced several outbreaks of poliomyelitis due to VDPVs, and most of VDPVs were isolated in the south of the island. The current study explored some of the viral factors that can promote and explain the emergence of recombinant VDPVs in Madagascar. Methods Between May to August 2011, we collected stools from healthy children living in two southern and two northern regions of Madagascar. Virus isolation was done in RD, HEp-2c, and L20B cell lines, and enteroviruses were detected using a wide-spectrum 5ʹ-untranslated region RT-PCR assay. NPEVs were then sequenced for the VP1 gene used for viral genotyping. Results Overall, we collected 1309 stools, of which 351 NPEVs (26.8%) were identified. Sequencing revealed 33 types of viruses belonging to three different species: Enterovirus A (8.5%), Enterovirus B (EV-B, 40.2%), and Enterovirus C (EV-C, 51.3%). EV-C species included coxsackievirus A13, A17, and A20 previously described as putative recombination partners for poliovirus vaccine strains. Interestingly, the isolation rate was higher among stools originating from the South (30.3% vs. 23.6%, p-value = 0.009). EV-C were predominant in southern sites (65.7%) while EV-B predominated in northern sites (54.9%). The factors that explain the relative abundance of EV-C in the South are still unknown. Conclusions Whatever its causes, the relative abundance of EV-C in the South of Madagascar may have promoted the infections of children by EV-C, including the PV vaccine strains, and have favored the recombination events between PVs and NPEVs in co-infected children, thus leading to the recurrent emergence of recombinant VDPVs in this region of Madagascar.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07826-0Human enterovirusGenotypeMadagascarVaccine-derived poliovirus |
| spellingShingle | Richter Razafindratsimandresy Marie-Line Joffret Soa Fy Andriamandimby Seta Andriamamonjy Sendraharimanana Rabemanantsoa Vincent Richard Francis Delpeyroux Jean-Michel Heraud Maël Bessaud Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurred BMC Infectious Diseases Human enterovirus Genotype Madagascar Vaccine-derived poliovirus |
| title | Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurred |
| title_full | Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurred |
| title_fullStr | Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurred |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurred |
| title_short | Enterovirus detection in different regions of Madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species C in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses occurred |
| title_sort | enterovirus detection in different regions of madagascar reveals a higher abundance of enteroviruses of species c in areas where several outbreaks of vaccine derived polioviruses occurred |
| topic | Human enterovirus Genotype Madagascar Vaccine-derived poliovirus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07826-0 |
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