Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system
Crayfish swimmerets are paired appendages located on the ventral side of each abdominal segment that show rhythmic beating during forward swimming produced by central pattern generators in most abdominal segments. For animals with multiple body segments and limbs, intersegmental coordination of cent...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Company of Biologists
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Biology Open |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://bio.biologists.org/content/7/5/bio032789 |
| _version_ | 1819138977867759616 |
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| author | Misaki Yoshida Toshiki Nagayama Philip Newland |
| author_facet | Misaki Yoshida Toshiki Nagayama Philip Newland |
| author_sort | Misaki Yoshida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Crayfish swimmerets are paired appendages located on the ventral side of each abdominal segment that show rhythmic beating during forward swimming produced by central pattern generators in most abdominal segments. For animals with multiple body segments and limbs, intersegmental coordination of central pattern generators in each segment is crucial for the production of effective movements. Here we develop a novel pharmacological approach to analyse intersegmental modulation of swimmeret rhythm by selectively elevating nitric oxide levels and reducing them with pharmacological agents, in specific ganglia. Bath application of L-arginine, the substrate NO synthesis, increased the cyclical spike responses of the power-stroke motor neurons. By contrast the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME decreased them. To determine the role of the different local centres in producing and controlling the swimmeret rhythm, these two drugs were applied locally to two separate ganglia following bath application of carbachol. Results revealed that there was both ascending and descending intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency of the swimmeret rhythm in the abdominal ganglia and that synchrony of cyclical activity between segments of segments was maintained. We also found that there were gradients in the strength effectiveness in modulation, that ascending modulation of the swimmeret rhythm was stronger than descending modulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:15:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89f5b01313244400a3ca3775d7cb07c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-6390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:15:21Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | The Company of Biologists |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-89f5b01313244400a3ca3775d7cb07c62022-12-21T18:28:03ZengThe Company of BiologistsBiology Open2046-63902018-05-017510.1242/bio.032789032789Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret systemMisaki Yoshida0Toshiki Nagayama1Philip Newland2 Division of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 990-8560, Yamagata, Japan Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 990-8560, Yamagata, Japan Center of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK Crayfish swimmerets are paired appendages located on the ventral side of each abdominal segment that show rhythmic beating during forward swimming produced by central pattern generators in most abdominal segments. For animals with multiple body segments and limbs, intersegmental coordination of central pattern generators in each segment is crucial for the production of effective movements. Here we develop a novel pharmacological approach to analyse intersegmental modulation of swimmeret rhythm by selectively elevating nitric oxide levels and reducing them with pharmacological agents, in specific ganglia. Bath application of L-arginine, the substrate NO synthesis, increased the cyclical spike responses of the power-stroke motor neurons. By contrast the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME decreased them. To determine the role of the different local centres in producing and controlling the swimmeret rhythm, these two drugs were applied locally to two separate ganglia following bath application of carbachol. Results revealed that there was both ascending and descending intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency of the swimmeret rhythm in the abdominal ganglia and that synchrony of cyclical activity between segments of segments was maintained. We also found that there were gradients in the strength effectiveness in modulation, that ascending modulation of the swimmeret rhythm was stronger than descending modulation.http://bio.biologists.org/content/7/5/bio032789Central pattern generatorSwimmeret rhythmNOIntersegmental coordination |
| spellingShingle | Misaki Yoshida Toshiki Nagayama Philip Newland Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system Biology Open Central pattern generator Swimmeret rhythm NO Intersegmental coordination |
| title | Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system |
| title_full | Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system |
| title_fullStr | Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system |
| title_short | Nitric oxide-mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system |
| title_sort | nitric oxide mediated intersegmental modulation of cycle frequency in the crayfish swimmeret system |
| topic | Central pattern generator Swimmeret rhythm NO Intersegmental coordination |
| url | http://bio.biologists.org/content/7/5/bio032789 |
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