Effect of Different Solutions on the Colour Stability of Nanoparticles or Fibre Reinforced PMMA
This study aimed to evaluate the colour stability of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base reinforced with ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, E-glass fibres, and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles at various concentrations over 180-day storage in Steradent™ (STD) denture cleaner...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/8/1521 |
| _version_ | 1797409612017696768 |
|---|---|
| author | Abdulaziz Alhotan Alaaeldin Elraggal Julian Yates Julfikar Haider Carlos Alberto Jurado Nikolaos Silikas |
| author_facet | Abdulaziz Alhotan Alaaeldin Elraggal Julian Yates Julfikar Haider Carlos Alberto Jurado Nikolaos Silikas |
| author_sort | Abdulaziz Alhotan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to evaluate the colour stability of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base reinforced with ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, E-glass fibres, and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles at various concentrations over 180-day storage in Steradent™ (STD) denture cleaner or coffee (CF). A total of 130 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated at various filler concentrations and divided into four main groups to measure the colour changes. Groups Z, T, and E consisted of PMMA reinforced with ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, or E-glass fibre, respectively, while Group C consisted of PMMA specimens without filler served as the control group (<i>n</i> = 10). The three reinforced groups were further subdivided according to the filler content (<i>n</i> = 10) added to the PMMA (1.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, and 7.0% wt.%). Half of the specimens were stored in STD, while the other half was stored in CF for 180 days. A Minolta Chroma Meter was used to measure the colour changes (ΔE) at 7, 30, 90 and then 180 days. The results were assessed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) along with Bonferroni post hoc tests at a <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 significance level. Significant different colour changes (ΔΕ) were observed between all tested groups and across different time points. TiO<sub>2</sub>-reinforced PMMA in STD/CF showed the lowest colour stability, while the E-glass fibre-reinforced PMMA in STD/CF showed the highest colour stability. Furthermore, coffee appeared to have the greatest impact on the colour change in comparison to the Steradent<sup>TM</sup>. The results indicated that the filler type and concentration, type of solution, and length of storage all affected the colour stability of the tested specimens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:17:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-89fdfd83b7d64e8bb7b4d5fca14fcafd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:17:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-89fdfd83b7d64e8bb7b4d5fca14fcafd2023-12-03T13:52:16ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-04-01148152110.3390/polym14081521Effect of Different Solutions on the Colour Stability of Nanoparticles or Fibre Reinforced PMMAAbdulaziz Alhotan0Alaaeldin Elraggal1Julian Yates2Julfikar Haider3Carlos Alberto Jurado4Nikolaos Silikas5Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKConservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, EgyptDivision of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKDivision of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKWoody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USADivision of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UKThis study aimed to evaluate the colour stability of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base reinforced with ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, E-glass fibres, and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles at various concentrations over 180-day storage in Steradent™ (STD) denture cleaner or coffee (CF). A total of 130 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated at various filler concentrations and divided into four main groups to measure the colour changes. Groups Z, T, and E consisted of PMMA reinforced with ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, or E-glass fibre, respectively, while Group C consisted of PMMA specimens without filler served as the control group (<i>n</i> = 10). The three reinforced groups were further subdivided according to the filler content (<i>n</i> = 10) added to the PMMA (1.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, and 7.0% wt.%). Half of the specimens were stored in STD, while the other half was stored in CF for 180 days. A Minolta Chroma Meter was used to measure the colour changes (ΔE) at 7, 30, 90 and then 180 days. The results were assessed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) along with Bonferroni post hoc tests at a <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 significance level. Significant different colour changes (ΔΕ) were observed between all tested groups and across different time points. TiO<sub>2</sub>-reinforced PMMA in STD/CF showed the lowest colour stability, while the E-glass fibre-reinforced PMMA in STD/CF showed the highest colour stability. Furthermore, coffee appeared to have the greatest impact on the colour change in comparison to the Steradent<sup>TM</sup>. The results indicated that the filler type and concentration, type of solution, and length of storage all affected the colour stability of the tested specimens.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/8/1521PMMAZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticleTiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticleE-glass fibrecolour stabilitySteradent™ |
| spellingShingle | Abdulaziz Alhotan Alaaeldin Elraggal Julian Yates Julfikar Haider Carlos Alberto Jurado Nikolaos Silikas Effect of Different Solutions on the Colour Stability of Nanoparticles or Fibre Reinforced PMMA Polymers PMMA ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle E-glass fibre colour stability Steradent™ |
| title | Effect of Different Solutions on the Colour Stability of Nanoparticles or Fibre Reinforced PMMA |
| title_full | Effect of Different Solutions on the Colour Stability of Nanoparticles or Fibre Reinforced PMMA |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Different Solutions on the Colour Stability of Nanoparticles or Fibre Reinforced PMMA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Different Solutions on the Colour Stability of Nanoparticles or Fibre Reinforced PMMA |
| title_short | Effect of Different Solutions on the Colour Stability of Nanoparticles or Fibre Reinforced PMMA |
| title_sort | effect of different solutions on the colour stability of nanoparticles or fibre reinforced pmma |
| topic | PMMA ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle E-glass fibre colour stability Steradent™ |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/8/1521 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abdulazizalhotan effectofdifferentsolutionsonthecolourstabilityofnanoparticlesorfibrereinforcedpmma AT alaaeldinelraggal effectofdifferentsolutionsonthecolourstabilityofnanoparticlesorfibrereinforcedpmma AT julianyates effectofdifferentsolutionsonthecolourstabilityofnanoparticlesorfibrereinforcedpmma AT julfikarhaider effectofdifferentsolutionsonthecolourstabilityofnanoparticlesorfibrereinforcedpmma AT carlosalbertojurado effectofdifferentsolutionsonthecolourstabilityofnanoparticlesorfibrereinforcedpmma AT nikolaossilikas effectofdifferentsolutionsonthecolourstabilityofnanoparticlesorfibrereinforcedpmma |