Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study
In horses, there is an increasing interest in developing long-lasting drug formulations, with biopolymers as viable carrier alternatives in addition to their use as scaffolds, suture threads, screws, pins, and plates for orthopedic surgeries. This communication focuses on the prolonged biocompatibil...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7224 |
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| author | Júlia Ribeiro Garcia Carvalho Gabriel Conde Marina Lansarini Antonioli Clarissa Helena Santana Thayssa Oliveira Littiere Paula Patrocínio Dias Marcelo Aparecido Chinelatto Paulo Aléscio Canola Fernando José. Zara Guilherme Camargo Ferraz |
| author_facet | Júlia Ribeiro Garcia Carvalho Gabriel Conde Marina Lansarini Antonioli Clarissa Helena Santana Thayssa Oliveira Littiere Paula Patrocínio Dias Marcelo Aparecido Chinelatto Paulo Aléscio Canola Fernando José. Zara Guilherme Camargo Ferraz |
| author_sort | Júlia Ribeiro Garcia Carvalho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In horses, there is an increasing interest in developing long-lasting drug formulations, with biopolymers as viable carrier alternatives in addition to their use as scaffolds, suture threads, screws, pins, and plates for orthopedic surgeries. This communication focuses on the prolonged biocompatibility and biodegradation of PLA, prepared by hot pressing at 180 °C. Six samples were implanted subcutaneously on the lateral surface of the neck of one horse. The polymers remained implanted for 24 to 57 weeks. Physical examination, plasma fibrinogen, and the mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) were performed. After 24, 28, 34, 38, and 57 weeks, the materials were removed for histochemical analysis using hematoxylin-eosin and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were no essential clinical changes. MNT decreased after the implantation procedure, returning to normal after 48 h. A foreign body response was observed by histopathologic evaluation up to 38 weeks. At 57 weeks, no polymer or fibrotic capsules were identified. SEM showed surface roughness suggesting a biodegradation process, with an increase in the median pore diameter. As in the histopathological evaluation, it was not possible to detect the polymer 57 weeks after implantation. PLA showed biocompatible degradation and these findings may contribute to future research in the biomedical area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:47:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a09133021c54a688ab06dc232b0419c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:47:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a09133021c54a688ab06dc232b0419c2023-11-23T02:49:17ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-11-012623722410.3390/molecules26237224Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot StudyJúlia Ribeiro Garcia Carvalho0Gabriel Conde1Marina Lansarini Antonioli2Clarissa Helena Santana3Thayssa Oliveira Littiere4Paula Patrocínio Dias5Marcelo Aparecido Chinelatto6Paulo Aléscio Canola7Fernando José. Zara8Guilherme Camargo Ferraz9School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV, São Paulo State University—UNESP, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV, São Paulo State University—UNESP, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV, São Paulo State University—UNESP, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilVeterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais—UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV, São Paulo State University—UNESP, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilSão Carlos School of Engineering—EESC, University of São Paulo—USP, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, BrazilSão Carlos School of Engineering—EESC, University of São Paulo—USP, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV, São Paulo State University—UNESP, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV, São Paulo State University—UNESP, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilSchool of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV, São Paulo State University—UNESP, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, BrazilIn horses, there is an increasing interest in developing long-lasting drug formulations, with biopolymers as viable carrier alternatives in addition to their use as scaffolds, suture threads, screws, pins, and plates for orthopedic surgeries. This communication focuses on the prolonged biocompatibility and biodegradation of PLA, prepared by hot pressing at 180 °C. Six samples were implanted subcutaneously on the lateral surface of the neck of one horse. The polymers remained implanted for 24 to 57 weeks. Physical examination, plasma fibrinogen, and the mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) were performed. After 24, 28, 34, 38, and 57 weeks, the materials were removed for histochemical analysis using hematoxylin-eosin and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were no essential clinical changes. MNT decreased after the implantation procedure, returning to normal after 48 h. A foreign body response was observed by histopathologic evaluation up to 38 weeks. At 57 weeks, no polymer or fibrotic capsules were identified. SEM showed surface roughness suggesting a biodegradation process, with an increase in the median pore diameter. As in the histopathological evaluation, it was not possible to detect the polymer 57 weeks after implantation. PLA showed biocompatible degradation and these findings may contribute to future research in the biomedical area.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7224biocompatibilitybiodegradationbiomaterialpolylactide-based materialspolymerscanning electron microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Júlia Ribeiro Garcia Carvalho Gabriel Conde Marina Lansarini Antonioli Clarissa Helena Santana Thayssa Oliveira Littiere Paula Patrocínio Dias Marcelo Aparecido Chinelatto Paulo Aléscio Canola Fernando José. Zara Guilherme Camargo Ferraz Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study Molecules biocompatibility biodegradation biomaterial polylactide-based materials polymer scanning electron microscopy |
| title | Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study |
| title_full | Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study |
| title_short | Long-Term Evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Implants in a Horse: An Experimental Pilot Study |
| title_sort | long term evaluation of poly lactic acid pla implants in a horse an experimental pilot study |
| topic | biocompatibility biodegradation biomaterial polylactide-based materials polymer scanning electron microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7224 |
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