Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies
Innovative technologies require the use of materials that meet increasingly high requirements; one such requirement is the purity of metals. In the case of copper, this translates into a parameter related to electrical conductivity. Traditional metal refining technologies have some limitations that...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/19/7024 |
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| author | Leszek Blacha Albert Smalcerz Bartosz Wecki Jerzy Labaj Debela Geneti Desisa Maciej Jodkowski |
| author_facet | Leszek Blacha Albert Smalcerz Bartosz Wecki Jerzy Labaj Debela Geneti Desisa Maciej Jodkowski |
| author_sort | Leszek Blacha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Innovative technologies require the use of materials that meet increasingly high requirements; one such requirement is the purity of metals. In the case of copper, this translates into a parameter related to electrical conductivity. Traditional metal refining technologies have some limitations that can be eliminated through the use of modern melting aggregates. Such solutions include vacuum induction furnaces, comprising an induction furnace with a cold crucible. As part of this work, the possibilities of refining copper and lead alloys were investigated. In addition, the research was carried out with the use of two induction vacuum aggregates, allowing us to compare their effectiveness. The tests were carried out in a pressure range of 10–1000 Pa and at temperatures of 1273–1473 K. The results obtained made it possible to determine the mass transport coefficient of lead from an alloy with copper, and to determine the share of resistance in individual stages of the process. For experiments conducted inside an induction crucible furnace, lowering the working pressure inside the furnace chamber from 1000 to 10 Pa while increasing the temperature from 1323 to 1473 K was accompanied by a drop in the lead concentration inside the alloy of 69 to 96%, compared to its initial mass. For experiments conducted inside a cold crucible furnace, approximate values of lead removal appeared for lower temperatures (1273 to 1323 K), confirming that the analyzed process happens faster in this aggregate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:29:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a120c7389914a34ad8c221cca50aa99 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:29:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a120c7389914a34ad8c221cca50aa992023-11-23T21:00:43ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-10-011519702410.3390/ma15197024Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining TechnologiesLeszek Blacha0Albert Smalcerz1Bartosz Wecki2Jerzy Labaj3Debela Geneti Desisa4Maciej Jodkowski5Department of Metallurgy and Recycling, Faculty of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Testing and Certification “ZETOM”, Ks. Herberta Bednorza 17, 40-384 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Metallurgy and Recycling, Faculty of Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Science, Joint Doctorate School, Silesian University of Technology, Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Testing and Certification “ZETOM”, Ks. Herberta Bednorza 17, 40-384 Katowice, PolandInnovative technologies require the use of materials that meet increasingly high requirements; one such requirement is the purity of metals. In the case of copper, this translates into a parameter related to electrical conductivity. Traditional metal refining technologies have some limitations that can be eliminated through the use of modern melting aggregates. Such solutions include vacuum induction furnaces, comprising an induction furnace with a cold crucible. As part of this work, the possibilities of refining copper and lead alloys were investigated. In addition, the research was carried out with the use of two induction vacuum aggregates, allowing us to compare their effectiveness. The tests were carried out in a pressure range of 10–1000 Pa and at temperatures of 1273–1473 K. The results obtained made it possible to determine the mass transport coefficient of lead from an alloy with copper, and to determine the share of resistance in individual stages of the process. For experiments conducted inside an induction crucible furnace, lowering the working pressure inside the furnace chamber from 1000 to 10 Pa while increasing the temperature from 1323 to 1473 K was accompanied by a drop in the lead concentration inside the alloy of 69 to 96%, compared to its initial mass. For experiments conducted inside a cold crucible furnace, approximate values of lead removal appeared for lower temperatures (1273 to 1323 K), confirming that the analyzed process happens faster in this aggregate.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/19/7024induction meltingvacuum refiningmeniscusinterfacenon-ferrous metalspurification of copper |
| spellingShingle | Leszek Blacha Albert Smalcerz Bartosz Wecki Jerzy Labaj Debela Geneti Desisa Maciej Jodkowski Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies Materials induction melting vacuum refining meniscus interface non-ferrous metals purification of copper |
| title | Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies |
| title_full | Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies |
| title_short | Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of lead removal from liquid copper by icf and ccf refining technologies |
| topic | induction melting vacuum refining meniscus interface non-ferrous metals purification of copper |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/19/7024 |
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