Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A Review
One of the hallmarks of Cu metabolism in mammals is that tissue and fluid levels are normally maintained within a very narrow range of concentrations. This results from the ability of the organism to respond to variations in intake from food and drink by balancing excretion, which occurs mainly via...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/4932 |
| _version_ | 1797562629681577984 |
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| author | Maria C. Linder |
| author_facet | Maria C. Linder |
| author_sort | Maria C. Linder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the hallmarks of Cu metabolism in mammals is that tissue and fluid levels are normally maintained within a very narrow range of concentrations. This results from the ability of the organism to respond to variations in intake from food and drink by balancing excretion, which occurs mainly via the bile and feces. Although this sounds straightforward and we have already learned a great deal about aspects of this process, the balance between overall intake and excretion occurs over a high background of Cu recycling, which has generally been ignored. In fact, most of the Cu absorbed from the GI tract actually comes from digestive fluids and is constantly “re-used”. A great deal more recycling of Cu probably occurs in the interior, between cells of individual tissues and the fluid of the blood and interstitium. This review presents what is known that is pertinent to understanding these complexities of mammalian Cu homeostasis and indicates where further studies are needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:30:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a1738bad79e455c8e48488036f888cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:30:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a1738bad79e455c8e48488036f888cb2023-11-20T06:36:57ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-07-012114493210.3390/ijms21144932Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A ReviewMaria C. Linder0Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 91831, USAOne of the hallmarks of Cu metabolism in mammals is that tissue and fluid levels are normally maintained within a very narrow range of concentrations. This results from the ability of the organism to respond to variations in intake from food and drink by balancing excretion, which occurs mainly via the bile and feces. Although this sounds straightforward and we have already learned a great deal about aspects of this process, the balance between overall intake and excretion occurs over a high background of Cu recycling, which has generally been ignored. In fact, most of the Cu absorbed from the GI tract actually comes from digestive fluids and is constantly “re-used”. A great deal more recycling of Cu probably occurs in the interior, between cells of individual tissues and the fluid of the blood and interstitium. This review presents what is known that is pertinent to understanding these complexities of mammalian Cu homeostasis and indicates where further studies are needed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/4932coppersecretionexcretionliverkidneybile |
| spellingShingle | Maria C. Linder Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences copper secretion excretion liver kidney bile |
| title | Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A Review |
| title_full | Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A Review |
| title_fullStr | Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A Review |
| title_short | Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A Review |
| title_sort | copper homeostasis in mammals with emphasis on secretion and excretion a review |
| topic | copper secretion excretion liver kidney bile |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/4932 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariaclinder copperhomeostasisinmammalswithemphasisonsecretionandexcretionareview |