Imidazole Propionate is Increased in Diabetes and Associated with Stool Consistency
Bowen Wu,1 Li Tan,2 Weihua Wang,3 Xingzhong Feng,4 Dan Yan1,5,6 1Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tsinghua U...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/imidazole-propionate-is-increased-in-diabetes-and-associated-with-stoo-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSO |
| _version_ | 1797713157803737088 |
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| author | Wu B Tan L Wang W Feng X Yan D |
| author_facet | Wu B Tan L Wang W Feng X Yan D |
| author_sort | Wu B |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bowen Wu,1 Li Tan,2 Weihua Wang,3 Xingzhong Feng,4 Dan Yan1,5,6 1Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Beijing Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xingzhong Feng, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, No. 5 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email fengxz9797@sina.com Dan Yan, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email pharmsci@126.comBackground: Imidazole Propionate (ImP) is a new marker of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can induce impaired glucose metabolism and weaken the efficacy of metformin. An extensive exploration into literature suggests that ImP may be associated with stool consistency.Purpose: Through an in-depth study of the relationship between stool consistency, bile acids, fecal microbiota and ImP, we intend to explore the mechanism driving the ImP content difference in T2DM.Patients Under Study and Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study. Plasma ImP and stool consistency were analyzed among 96 diabetic subjects and 45 healthy subjects. All subjects were divided into the stool consistency normal (N) group and the stool consistency abnormal group, of which the abnormal group was sub-divided into the hard stool (H) group and the soft stool (S) group. After identifying the correlation between ImP and stool consistency, we analyzed the influence of bile acids and fecal microbiota on ImP in diabetic subjects.Results: For T2DM patients, the ImP level of the abnormal stool consistency group was significantly higher than that of the normal stool consistency group (P < 0.001). Results were verified in 45 healthy subjects (P = 0.002). ImP was significantly associated with taurocholic acid (TCA) (P = 0.003) in feces, taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) (P = 0.003), glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDCA) (P = 0.021), and glycocholic acid (GCA) (P = 0.031) in plasma. The Shannon index of Group N was significantly higher than that of Group H (P = 0.041) and Group S (P = 0.003).Conclusion: ImP was higher in diabetic patients with abnormal stool consistency than in those with normal stool consistency, which was related to the proportion of bile acids and fecal microbial structure. These findings may improve our understanding of ImP and contribute to the treatment of T2DM by improving stool consistency.Keywords: ImP, T2DM, stool consistency, bile acids |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:32:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a176c298bf24c33a5e8262902aac8d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7007 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:32:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a176c298bf24c33a5e8262902aac8d52023-09-02T21:43:09ZengDove Medical PressDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity1178-70072022-06-01Volume 151715172475788Imidazole Propionate is Increased in Diabetes and Associated with Stool ConsistencyWu BTan LWang WFeng XYan DBowen Wu,1 Li Tan,2 Weihua Wang,3 Xingzhong Feng,4 Dan Yan1,5,6 1Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Beijing Key Laboratory for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xingzhong Feng, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, No. 5 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email fengxz9797@sina.com Dan Yan, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email pharmsci@126.comBackground: Imidazole Propionate (ImP) is a new marker of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can induce impaired glucose metabolism and weaken the efficacy of metformin. An extensive exploration into literature suggests that ImP may be associated with stool consistency.Purpose: Through an in-depth study of the relationship between stool consistency, bile acids, fecal microbiota and ImP, we intend to explore the mechanism driving the ImP content difference in T2DM.Patients Under Study and Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study. Plasma ImP and stool consistency were analyzed among 96 diabetic subjects and 45 healthy subjects. All subjects were divided into the stool consistency normal (N) group and the stool consistency abnormal group, of which the abnormal group was sub-divided into the hard stool (H) group and the soft stool (S) group. After identifying the correlation between ImP and stool consistency, we analyzed the influence of bile acids and fecal microbiota on ImP in diabetic subjects.Results: For T2DM patients, the ImP level of the abnormal stool consistency group was significantly higher than that of the normal stool consistency group (P < 0.001). Results were verified in 45 healthy subjects (P = 0.002). ImP was significantly associated with taurocholic acid (TCA) (P = 0.003) in feces, taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) (P = 0.003), glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDCA) (P = 0.021), and glycocholic acid (GCA) (P = 0.031) in plasma. The Shannon index of Group N was significantly higher than that of Group H (P = 0.041) and Group S (P = 0.003).Conclusion: ImP was higher in diabetic patients with abnormal stool consistency than in those with normal stool consistency, which was related to the proportion of bile acids and fecal microbial structure. These findings may improve our understanding of ImP and contribute to the treatment of T2DM by improving stool consistency.Keywords: ImP, T2DM, stool consistency, bile acidshttps://www.dovepress.com/imidazole-propionate-is-increased-in-diabetes-and-associated-with-stoo-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSOimpt2dmstool consistencybile acids. |
| spellingShingle | Wu B Tan L Wang W Feng X Yan D Imidazole Propionate is Increased in Diabetes and Associated with Stool Consistency Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity imp t2dm stool consistency bile acids. |
| title | Imidazole Propionate is Increased in Diabetes and Associated with Stool Consistency |
| title_full | Imidazole Propionate is Increased in Diabetes and Associated with Stool Consistency |
| title_fullStr | Imidazole Propionate is Increased in Diabetes and Associated with Stool Consistency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imidazole Propionate is Increased in Diabetes and Associated with Stool Consistency |
| title_short | Imidazole Propionate is Increased in Diabetes and Associated with Stool Consistency |
| title_sort | imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with stool consistency |
| topic | imp t2dm stool consistency bile acids. |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/imidazole-propionate-is-increased-in-diabetes-and-associated-with-stoo-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSO |
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