A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications
Low-invasive and battery-less implantable medical devices (IMDs) have been increasingly emerging in recent years. The developed solutions in the literature often concentrate on the Bidirectional Data-Link for long-term monitoring devices. Indeed, their ability to collect data and communicate them to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/5/698 |
| _version_ | 1797475347237699584 |
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| author | Andrea Ballo Alfio Dario Grasso Marco Privitera |
| author_facet | Andrea Ballo Alfio Dario Grasso Marco Privitera |
| author_sort | Andrea Ballo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-invasive and battery-less implantable medical devices (IMDs) have been increasingly emerging in recent years. The developed solutions in the literature often concentrate on the Bidirectional Data-Link for long-term monitoring devices. Indeed, their ability to collect data and communicate them to the external world, namely Data Up-Link, has revealed a promising solution for bioelectronic medicine. Furthermore, the capacity to control organs such as the brain, nerves, heart-beat and gastrointestinal activities, made up through the manipulation of electrical transducers, could optimise therapeutic protocols and help patients’ pain relief. These kinds of stimulations come from the modulation of a powering signal generated from an externally placed unit coupled to the implanted receivers for power/data exchanging. The established communication is also defined as a Data Down-Link. In this framework, a new solution of the Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) demodulator is presented in this paper in order to design a robust, low-area, and low-power Down-Link for ultrasound (US)-powered IMDs. The implemented system is fully digital and PLL-free, thus reducing area occupation and making it fully synthesizable. Post-layout simulation results are reported using a 28 nm Bulk CMOS technology provided by TSMC. Using a 2 MHz carrier input signal and an implant depth of 1 cm, the data rate is up to 1.33 Mbit/s with a 50% duty cycle, while the minimum average power consumption is cut-down to 3.3 μW in the typical corner. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:43:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a1f85987d114329a5b466b42f861fbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:43:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a1f85987d114329a5b466b42f861fbb2023-11-23T22:52:39ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922022-02-0111569810.3390/electronics11050698A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink CommunicationsAndrea Ballo0Alfio Dario Grasso1Marco Privitera2Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, ItalyLow-invasive and battery-less implantable medical devices (IMDs) have been increasingly emerging in recent years. The developed solutions in the literature often concentrate on the Bidirectional Data-Link for long-term monitoring devices. Indeed, their ability to collect data and communicate them to the external world, namely Data Up-Link, has revealed a promising solution for bioelectronic medicine. Furthermore, the capacity to control organs such as the brain, nerves, heart-beat and gastrointestinal activities, made up through the manipulation of electrical transducers, could optimise therapeutic protocols and help patients’ pain relief. These kinds of stimulations come from the modulation of a powering signal generated from an externally placed unit coupled to the implanted receivers for power/data exchanging. The established communication is also defined as a Data Down-Link. In this framework, a new solution of the Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) demodulator is presented in this paper in order to design a robust, low-area, and low-power Down-Link for ultrasound (US)-powered IMDs. The implemented system is fully digital and PLL-free, thus reducing area occupation and making it fully synthesizable. Post-layout simulation results are reported using a 28 nm Bulk CMOS technology provided by TSMC. Using a 2 MHz carrier input signal and an implant depth of 1 cm, the data rate is up to 1.33 Mbit/s with a 50% duty cycle, while the minimum average power consumption is cut-down to 3.3 μW in the typical corner.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/5/698BPSK modulationenergy harvestingimplanted medical devicesultra-low-powerultrasonic wireless link |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Ballo Alfio Dario Grasso Marco Privitera A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications Electronics BPSK modulation energy harvesting implanted medical devices ultra-low-power ultrasonic wireless link |
| title | A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications |
| title_full | A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications |
| title_fullStr | A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications |
| title_short | A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications |
| title_sort | 28 nm bulk cmos fully digital bpsk demodulator for us powered imds downlink communications |
| topic | BPSK modulation energy harvesting implanted medical devices ultra-low-power ultrasonic wireless link |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/5/698 |
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