De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding
The present study investigates the effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on the stability of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)-produced stable emulsion. The chemical precipitation method is used to synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, and their properties were determined usi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2249 |
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| author | Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan Javed Akbar Khan Habib Ullah Hussain H. Al-Kayiem Sonny Irawan Muhammad Irfan Adam Glowacz Hui Liu Witold Glowacz Saifur Rahman |
| author_facet | Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan Javed Akbar Khan Habib Ullah Hussain H. Al-Kayiem Sonny Irawan Muhammad Irfan Adam Glowacz Hui Liu Witold Glowacz Saifur Rahman |
| author_sort | Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigates the effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on the stability of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)-produced stable emulsion. The chemical precipitation method is used to synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, and their properties were determined using various analytical characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles is evaluated by measuring oil/water (o/w) separation, rag layer formation, oil droplet size, and zeta potential of the residual EOR produced emulsion. The laser scattering technique is used to determine the o/w separation. The results showed that spherical-shaped anatase phase TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were produced with an average particle size of 122 nm. The TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles had a positive effect on o/w separation and the clarity of the separated water. The separated aqueous phases’ clarity is 75% and 45% with and without TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, respectively. Laser scattering analysis revealed enhanced light transmission in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, suggesting higher o/w separation of the ASP-produced emulsion. The overall increase in the o/w separation was recorded to be 19% in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, indicating a decrease in the stability of ASP-produced emulsion. This decrease in the stability can be attributed to the improved coalescence’ action between the adjacent oil droplets and improved behavior of o/w interfacial film. An observable difference was found between the oil droplet size before and after the addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, where the oil droplet size increased from 3 µm to 35 µm. A similar trend of zeta potential is also noticed in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Zeta potential was −13 mV to −7 mV, which is in the unstable emulsion range. Overall, the o/w separation is enhanced by introducing TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles into ASP-produced stable emulsion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:14:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a588c70ae184611a5538f1f2189112a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:14:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a588c70ae184611a5538f1f2189112a2023-11-21T15:56:38ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-04-01148224910.3390/en14082249De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals FloodingMohammad Kamal Asif Khan0Javed Akbar Khan1Habib Ullah2Hussain H. Al-Kayiem3Sonny Irawan4Muhammad Irfan5Adam Glowacz6Hui Liu7Witold Glowacz8Saifur Rahman9Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaFundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaSchool of Mining & Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City 010000, KazakhstanElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandCollege of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaDepartment of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi ArabiaThe present study investigates the effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on the stability of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)-produced stable emulsion. The chemical precipitation method is used to synthesize TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, and their properties were determined using various analytical characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles is evaluated by measuring oil/water (o/w) separation, rag layer formation, oil droplet size, and zeta potential of the residual EOR produced emulsion. The laser scattering technique is used to determine the o/w separation. The results showed that spherical-shaped anatase phase TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles were produced with an average particle size of 122 nm. The TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles had a positive effect on o/w separation and the clarity of the separated water. The separated aqueous phases’ clarity is 75% and 45% with and without TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, respectively. Laser scattering analysis revealed enhanced light transmission in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, suggesting higher o/w separation of the ASP-produced emulsion. The overall increase in the o/w separation was recorded to be 19% in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, indicating a decrease in the stability of ASP-produced emulsion. This decrease in the stability can be attributed to the improved coalescence’ action between the adjacent oil droplets and improved behavior of o/w interfacial film. An observable difference was found between the oil droplet size before and after the addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, where the oil droplet size increased from 3 µm to 35 µm. A similar trend of zeta potential is also noticed in the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Zeta potential was −13 mV to −7 mV, which is in the unstable emulsion range. Overall, the o/w separation is enhanced by introducing TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles into ASP-produced stable emulsion.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2249EOR floodingemulsificationgravity separationlaser scattering |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan Javed Akbar Khan Habib Ullah Hussain H. Al-Kayiem Sonny Irawan Muhammad Irfan Adam Glowacz Hui Liu Witold Glowacz Saifur Rahman De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding Energies EOR flooding emulsification gravity separation laser scattering |
| title | De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding |
| title_full | De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding |
| title_fullStr | De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding |
| title_full_unstemmed | De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding |
| title_short | De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding |
| title_sort | de emulsification and gravity separation of micro emulsion produced with enhanced oil recovery chemicals flooding |
| topic | EOR flooding emulsification gravity separation laser scattering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2249 |
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