Synchronizing early Eocene deep-sea and continental records – cyclostratigraphic age models for the Bighorn Basin Coring Project drill cores
A consistent chronostratigraphic framework is required to understand the effect of major paleoclimate perturbations on both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Transient global warming events in the early Eocene, at 56–54 Ma, show the impact of large-scale carbon input into the ocean–atmosphere sy...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Climate of the Past |
| Online Access: | https://www.clim-past.net/14/303/2018/cp-14-303-2018.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819090978694234112 |
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| author | T. Westerhold U. Röhl R. H. Wilkens P. D. Gingerich W. C. Clyde S. L. Wing G. J. Bowen M. J. Kraus |
| author_facet | T. Westerhold U. Röhl R. H. Wilkens P. D. Gingerich W. C. Clyde S. L. Wing G. J. Bowen M. J. Kraus |
| author_sort | T. Westerhold |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A consistent chronostratigraphic framework is required to understand the
effect of major paleoclimate perturbations on both marine and terrestrial
ecosystems. Transient global warming events in the early Eocene, at 56–54 Ma, show the impact of large-scale carbon input into the ocean–atmosphere
system. Here we provide the first timescale synchronization of continental
and marine deposits spanning the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and
the interval just prior to the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2). Cyclic
variations in geochemical data come from continental drill cores of the
Bighorn Basin Coring Project (BBCP, Wyoming, USA) and from marine deep-sea
drilling deposits retrieved by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). Both are
dominated by eccentricity-modulated precession cycles used to construct a
common cyclostratigraphic framework. Integration of age models results in a
revised astrochronology for the PETM in deep-sea records that is now
generally consistent with independent <sup>3</sup>He age models. The duration of
the PETM is estimated at ∼ 200 kyr for the carbon isotope excursion and ∼ 120 kyr
for the associated pelagic clay layer. A common terrestrial and marine age
model shows a concurrent major change in marine and terrestrial biota
∼ 200 kyr before ETM-2. In the Bighorn Basin, the change is referred
to as Biohorizon B and represents a period of significant mammalian turnover
and immigration, separating the upper <i>Haplomylus–Ectocion</i> Range Zone
from the <i>Bunophorus</i> Interval Zone and approximating the Wa-4–Wa-5
land mammal zone boundary. In sediments from ODP Site 1262 (Walvis Ridge),
major changes in the biota at this time are documented by the radiation of a
<q>second generation</q> of apical spine-bearing sphenolith species (e.g.,
<i>S. radians</i> and <i>S. editus</i>), the emergence of <i>T.
orthostylus</i>, and the marked decline of <i>D. multiradiatus</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:32:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a5b3f358a9f4fe99da9e8f21b1350c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1814-9324 1814-9332 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T22:32:25Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Climate of the Past |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a5b3f358a9f4fe99da9e8f21b1350c62022-12-21T18:48:02ZengCopernicus PublicationsClimate of the Past1814-93241814-93322018-03-011430331910.5194/cp-14-303-2018Synchronizing early Eocene deep-sea and continental records – cyclostratigraphic age models for the Bighorn Basin Coring Project drill coresT. Westerhold0U. Röhl1R. H. Wilkens2P. D. Gingerich3W. C. Clyde4S. L. Wing5G. J. Bowen6M. J. Kraus7MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, GermanyMARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28359, GermanyHawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USAMuseum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1079, USADepartment of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Rd., Durham, NH 03824, USADepartment of Paleobiology, P.O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013 USADepartment of Geology & Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 399, Boulder, CO 80309, USAA consistent chronostratigraphic framework is required to understand the effect of major paleoclimate perturbations on both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Transient global warming events in the early Eocene, at 56–54 Ma, show the impact of large-scale carbon input into the ocean–atmosphere system. Here we provide the first timescale synchronization of continental and marine deposits spanning the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and the interval just prior to the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2). Cyclic variations in geochemical data come from continental drill cores of the Bighorn Basin Coring Project (BBCP, Wyoming, USA) and from marine deep-sea drilling deposits retrieved by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). Both are dominated by eccentricity-modulated precession cycles used to construct a common cyclostratigraphic framework. Integration of age models results in a revised astrochronology for the PETM in deep-sea records that is now generally consistent with independent <sup>3</sup>He age models. The duration of the PETM is estimated at ∼ 200 kyr for the carbon isotope excursion and ∼ 120 kyr for the associated pelagic clay layer. A common terrestrial and marine age model shows a concurrent major change in marine and terrestrial biota ∼ 200 kyr before ETM-2. In the Bighorn Basin, the change is referred to as Biohorizon B and represents a period of significant mammalian turnover and immigration, separating the upper <i>Haplomylus–Ectocion</i> Range Zone from the <i>Bunophorus</i> Interval Zone and approximating the Wa-4–Wa-5 land mammal zone boundary. In sediments from ODP Site 1262 (Walvis Ridge), major changes in the biota at this time are documented by the radiation of a <q>second generation</q> of apical spine-bearing sphenolith species (e.g., <i>S. radians</i> and <i>S. editus</i>), the emergence of <i>T. orthostylus</i>, and the marked decline of <i>D. multiradiatus</i>.https://www.clim-past.net/14/303/2018/cp-14-303-2018.pdf |
| spellingShingle | T. Westerhold U. Röhl R. H. Wilkens P. D. Gingerich W. C. Clyde S. L. Wing G. J. Bowen M. J. Kraus Synchronizing early Eocene deep-sea and continental records – cyclostratigraphic age models for the Bighorn Basin Coring Project drill cores Climate of the Past |
| title | Synchronizing early Eocene deep-sea and continental records – cyclostratigraphic age models for the Bighorn Basin Coring Project drill cores |
| title_full | Synchronizing early Eocene deep-sea and continental records – cyclostratigraphic age models for the Bighorn Basin Coring Project drill cores |
| title_fullStr | Synchronizing early Eocene deep-sea and continental records – cyclostratigraphic age models for the Bighorn Basin Coring Project drill cores |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synchronizing early Eocene deep-sea and continental records – cyclostratigraphic age models for the Bighorn Basin Coring Project drill cores |
| title_short | Synchronizing early Eocene deep-sea and continental records – cyclostratigraphic age models for the Bighorn Basin Coring Project drill cores |
| title_sort | synchronizing early eocene deep sea and continental records cyclostratigraphic age models for the bighorn basin coring project drill cores |
| url | https://www.clim-past.net/14/303/2018/cp-14-303-2018.pdf |
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