High-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloud
Abstract The monitoring of wooden pagodas is a very important task in the restoration of wooden pagodas. Traditionally, this labor has always been carried out by surveying personnel, who manually check all parts of the pagoda, which not only consumes huge manpower, but also suffers from low efficien...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Heritage Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00833-z |
| _version_ | 1797958572403851264 |
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| author | Ming Guo Mengxi Sun Deng Pan Guoli Wang Yuquan Zhou Bingnan Yan Zexin Fu |
| author_facet | Ming Guo Mengxi Sun Deng Pan Guoli Wang Yuquan Zhou Bingnan Yan Zexin Fu |
| author_sort | Ming Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The monitoring of wooden pagodas is a very important task in the restoration of wooden pagodas. Traditionally, this labor has always been carried out by surveying personnel, who manually check all parts of the pagoda, which not only consumes huge manpower, but also suffers from low efficiency and measurement errors. This article evaluates the feasibility of combining portable 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to perform these inspection tasks easily and accurately. The wooden pagoda's exterior picture and inside point cloud are acquired using a UAV and a LiDAR scanner, respectively. We propose a feature−based global alignment method to register the site point cloud. The error equation of the column of observed values is utilized as the beginning value of the feature constraint for global leveling. The beam method leveling model solves the spatial transformation parameters and the unknown point leveling values. Then, the Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm of computer vision is used to realize the fusion of the dense point cloud of the exterior of the wooden pagoda generated from multiple non−measured images by global optimization and the LiDAR point cloud of the interior of the wooden pagoda to obtain the complete point cloud of the wooden pagoda, which makes the deformation monitoring of the pagoda more detailed and comprehensive. After experimental verification, the overall registration accuracy of the Yingxian wooden pagoda reaches 0.006 m. Compared with the scanning point cloud data in 2018, the model is more accurate and complete. By analyzing and comparing the data of the second floor of the wooden pagoda, we knew that the inclination of a second bright layer and a second dark layer is still developing steadily. Overall, the western outer trough inclines thoughtfully, and the column frame slopes from southwest to northeast. Some internal columns showed a negative offset in 2020, and the deformation analysis of a single column was realized by comparing it with the standard column model. The main contribution of this method lies in the effective integration of UAV images and point cloud data to provide accurate data sources for good modeling. This research will provide theoretical and methodological support for the digital protection of architectural heritage and GIS data modeling. The analysis results can provide a scientific basis for the restoration scheme design. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:20:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a5df7ac387f44219677db1e30631a4b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-7445 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:20:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heritage Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a5df7ac387f44219677db1e30631a4b2023-01-08T12:18:06ZengSpringerOpenHeritage Science2050-74452023-01-0111111810.1186/s40494-022-00833-zHigh-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloudMing Guo0Mengxi Sun1Deng Pan2Guoli Wang3Yuquan Zhou4Bingnan Yan5Zexin Fu6School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureSchool of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan UniversitySchool of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureSchool of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureSchool of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureSchool of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureSchool of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureAbstract The monitoring of wooden pagodas is a very important task in the restoration of wooden pagodas. Traditionally, this labor has always been carried out by surveying personnel, who manually check all parts of the pagoda, which not only consumes huge manpower, but also suffers from low efficiency and measurement errors. This article evaluates the feasibility of combining portable 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to perform these inspection tasks easily and accurately. The wooden pagoda's exterior picture and inside point cloud are acquired using a UAV and a LiDAR scanner, respectively. We propose a feature−based global alignment method to register the site point cloud. The error equation of the column of observed values is utilized as the beginning value of the feature constraint for global leveling. The beam method leveling model solves the spatial transformation parameters and the unknown point leveling values. Then, the Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm of computer vision is used to realize the fusion of the dense point cloud of the exterior of the wooden pagoda generated from multiple non−measured images by global optimization and the LiDAR point cloud of the interior of the wooden pagoda to obtain the complete point cloud of the wooden pagoda, which makes the deformation monitoring of the pagoda more detailed and comprehensive. After experimental verification, the overall registration accuracy of the Yingxian wooden pagoda reaches 0.006 m. Compared with the scanning point cloud data in 2018, the model is more accurate and complete. By analyzing and comparing the data of the second floor of the wooden pagoda, we knew that the inclination of a second bright layer and a second dark layer is still developing steadily. Overall, the western outer trough inclines thoughtfully, and the column frame slopes from southwest to northeast. Some internal columns showed a negative offset in 2020, and the deformation analysis of a single column was realized by comparing it with the standard column model. The main contribution of this method lies in the effective integration of UAV images and point cloud data to provide accurate data sources for good modeling. This research will provide theoretical and methodological support for the digital protection of architectural heritage and GIS data modeling. The analysis results can provide a scientific basis for the restoration scheme design.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00833-zUnmanned aerial vehicleMulti-view images steelTerrestrial LiDAR scanningDense image matchingPoint cloud fusionModel-reconstruction accuracy |
| spellingShingle | Ming Guo Mengxi Sun Deng Pan Guoli Wang Yuquan Zhou Bingnan Yan Zexin Fu High-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloud Heritage Science Unmanned aerial vehicle Multi-view images steel Terrestrial LiDAR scanning Dense image matching Point cloud fusion Model-reconstruction accuracy |
| title | High-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloud |
| title_full | High-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloud |
| title_fullStr | High-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloud |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloud |
| title_short | High-precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on UAV image and terrestrial LiDAR point cloud |
| title_sort | high precision deformation analysis of yingxian wooden pagoda based on uav image and terrestrial lidar point cloud |
| topic | Unmanned aerial vehicle Multi-view images steel Terrestrial LiDAR scanning Dense image matching Point cloud fusion Model-reconstruction accuracy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00833-z |
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