Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent
Abstract Background While specialization plays an essential role in how scientific research is pursued, we understand little about its effects on a researcher’s impact and career. In particular, the extent to which one specializes within their chosen fields likely has complex relationships with prod...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01400-5 |
| _version_ | 1797998176941113344 |
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| author | Gaétan de Rassenfosse Kyle Higham Orion Penner |
| author_facet | Gaétan de Rassenfosse Kyle Higham Orion Penner |
| author_sort | Gaétan de Rassenfosse |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background While specialization plays an essential role in how scientific research is pursued, we understand little about its effects on a researcher’s impact and career. In particular, the extent to which one specializes within their chosen fields likely has complex relationships with productivity, career stage, and eventual impact. Here, we develop a novel and fine-grained approach for measuring a researcher’s level of specialization at each point in their career and apply it to the publication data of almost 30,000 established biomedical researchers to measure the effect that specialization has on the impact of a researcher’s publications. Results Using a within-researcher, panel-based econometric framework, we arrive at several important results. First, there are significant scientific rewards for specialization—25% more citations per standard deviation increase in specialization. Second, these benefits are much higher early in a researcher’s career—as large as 75% per standard deviation increase in specialization. Third, rewards are higher for researchers who publish few papers relative to their peers. Finally, we find that, all else equal, researchers who make large changes in their research direction see generally increased impact. Conclusions The extent to which one specializes, particularly at the early stages of a biomedical research career, appears to play a significant role in determining the citation-based impact of their publications. When this measure of impact is, implicitly or explicitly, an input into decision-making processes within the scientific system (for example, for job opportunities, promotions, or invited talks), these findings lead to some important implications for the system-level organization of scientific research and the incentives that exist therein. We propose several mechanisms within modern scientific systems that likely lead to the scientific rewards we observe and discuss them within the broader context of reward structures in biomedicine and science more generally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:44:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a6aa4a3caea4fa7905ba6ac33f34ca6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1741-7007 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T10:44:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a6aa4a3caea4fa7905ba6ac33f34ca62022-12-22T04:29:06ZengBMCBMC Biology1741-70072022-09-0120113310.1186/s12915-022-01400-5Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistentGaétan de Rassenfosse0Kyle Higham1Orion Penner2College of Management of Technology, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de LausanneInstitute of Innovation Research, Hitotsubashi UniversityCollege of Management of Technology, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de LausanneAbstract Background While specialization plays an essential role in how scientific research is pursued, we understand little about its effects on a researcher’s impact and career. In particular, the extent to which one specializes within their chosen fields likely has complex relationships with productivity, career stage, and eventual impact. Here, we develop a novel and fine-grained approach for measuring a researcher’s level of specialization at each point in their career and apply it to the publication data of almost 30,000 established biomedical researchers to measure the effect that specialization has on the impact of a researcher’s publications. Results Using a within-researcher, panel-based econometric framework, we arrive at several important results. First, there are significant scientific rewards for specialization—25% more citations per standard deviation increase in specialization. Second, these benefits are much higher early in a researcher’s career—as large as 75% per standard deviation increase in specialization. Third, rewards are higher for researchers who publish few papers relative to their peers. Finally, we find that, all else equal, researchers who make large changes in their research direction see generally increased impact. Conclusions The extent to which one specializes, particularly at the early stages of a biomedical research career, appears to play a significant role in determining the citation-based impact of their publications. When this measure of impact is, implicitly or explicitly, an input into decision-making processes within the scientific system (for example, for job opportunities, promotions, or invited talks), these findings lead to some important implications for the system-level organization of scientific research and the incentives that exist therein. We propose several mechanisms within modern scientific systems that likely lead to the scientific rewards we observe and discuss them within the broader context of reward structures in biomedicine and science more generally.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01400-5Scientific specializationScientific impactScientific careersScience of scienceBibliometricsResearch systems |
| spellingShingle | Gaétan de Rassenfosse Kyle Higham Orion Penner Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent BMC Biology Scientific specialization Scientific impact Scientific careers Science of science Bibliometrics Research systems |
| title | Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent |
| title_full | Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent |
| title_fullStr | Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent |
| title_short | Scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent |
| title_sort | scientific rewards for biomedical specialization are large and persistent |
| topic | Scientific specialization Scientific impact Scientific careers Science of science Bibliometrics Research systems |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-022-01400-5 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gaetanderassenfosse scientificrewardsforbiomedicalspecializationarelargeandpersistent AT kylehigham scientificrewardsforbiomedicalspecializationarelargeandpersistent AT orionpenner scientificrewardsforbiomedicalspecializationarelargeandpersistent |