Chemical, Crystallinity and Morphological Changes of Rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hydrothermally Treated in Different Buffered Media
Hydrothermal treatment is an efficient and environmentally friendly method of enhancing the dimensional stability and durability of wood. The destructive effects of formic and acetic acids generated during thermal treatment, on the other hand, are known to have a negative impact on wood strength. As...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/203 |
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| author | Md. Rowson Ali Ummi Hani Abdullah Philippe Gerardin Zaidon Ashaari Norul Hisham Hamid Siti Hasnah Kamarudin |
| author_facet | Md. Rowson Ali Ummi Hani Abdullah Philippe Gerardin Zaidon Ashaari Norul Hisham Hamid Siti Hasnah Kamarudin |
| author_sort | Md. Rowson Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrothermal treatment is an efficient and environmentally friendly method of enhancing the dimensional stability and durability of wood. The destructive effects of formic and acetic acids generated during thermal treatment, on the other hand, are known to have a negative impact on wood strength. As a result, hydrothermal treatment in different buffered media (acidic, neutral, and alkaline buffer) was performed in this study to mitigate the effects of the acids. As heating media, acidic buffer (pH 4 and 6), alkaline buffer (pH 8 and 10), and tap water (pH 7.43) were used to treat rubberwood at three different temperatures (160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C). The effects of different buffered media and treatment temperatures on the chemical components, crystallinity, and morphological changes in treated and untreated rubberwood were studied. The results of the experiments revealed that the chemical constituents of rubberwood changed along with the pH of the buffered media and treatment temperature. Rubberwood treated in alkaline media showed the least degradation, whereas water medium caused the most severe degradation. The crystallinity of wood increased initially (from 160 to 180 °C) and then decreased further at 200 °C. In addition, minimal damage to the wood cell was observed in an alkaline medium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:50:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a6dd314353b461ab3552998cc3b385b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:50:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a6dd314353b461ab3552998cc3b385b2023-11-16T20:32:44ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-01-0114220310.3390/f14020203Chemical, Crystallinity and Morphological Changes of Rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hydrothermally Treated in Different Buffered MediaMd. Rowson Ali0Ummi Hani Abdullah1Philippe Gerardin2Zaidon Ashaari3Norul Hisham Hamid4Siti Hasnah Kamarudin5Department of Wood and Fiber Industries, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Wood and Fiber Industries, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaNational Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Laboratory of Studies and Research on Wood Material (LERMAB), University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, FranceDepartment of Wood and Fiber Industries, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Wood and Fiber Industries, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Ecotechnology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaHydrothermal treatment is an efficient and environmentally friendly method of enhancing the dimensional stability and durability of wood. The destructive effects of formic and acetic acids generated during thermal treatment, on the other hand, are known to have a negative impact on wood strength. As a result, hydrothermal treatment in different buffered media (acidic, neutral, and alkaline buffer) was performed in this study to mitigate the effects of the acids. As heating media, acidic buffer (pH 4 and 6), alkaline buffer (pH 8 and 10), and tap water (pH 7.43) were used to treat rubberwood at three different temperatures (160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C). The effects of different buffered media and treatment temperatures on the chemical components, crystallinity, and morphological changes in treated and untreated rubberwood were studied. The results of the experiments revealed that the chemical constituents of rubberwood changed along with the pH of the buffered media and treatment temperature. Rubberwood treated in alkaline media showed the least degradation, whereas water medium caused the most severe degradation. The crystallinity of wood increased initially (from 160 to 180 °C) and then decreased further at 200 °C. In addition, minimal damage to the wood cell was observed in an alkaline medium.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/203hydrothermal treatmentbuffered mediachemical constituentsrubberwoodcrystallinity |
| spellingShingle | Md. Rowson Ali Ummi Hani Abdullah Philippe Gerardin Zaidon Ashaari Norul Hisham Hamid Siti Hasnah Kamarudin Chemical, Crystallinity and Morphological Changes of Rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hydrothermally Treated in Different Buffered Media Forests hydrothermal treatment buffered media chemical constituents rubberwood crystallinity |
| title | Chemical, Crystallinity and Morphological Changes of Rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hydrothermally Treated in Different Buffered Media |
| title_full | Chemical, Crystallinity and Morphological Changes of Rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hydrothermally Treated in Different Buffered Media |
| title_fullStr | Chemical, Crystallinity and Morphological Changes of Rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hydrothermally Treated in Different Buffered Media |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical, Crystallinity and Morphological Changes of Rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hydrothermally Treated in Different Buffered Media |
| title_short | Chemical, Crystallinity and Morphological Changes of Rubberwood (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.) Hydrothermally Treated in Different Buffered Media |
| title_sort | chemical crystallinity and morphological changes of rubberwood i hevea brasiliensis i willd ex a juss mull arg hydrothermally treated in different buffered media |
| topic | hydrothermal treatment buffered media chemical constituents rubberwood crystallinity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/2/203 |
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