Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models
Redox balance is increasingly identified as a major player in cellular signaling. A fundamentally simple reaction of oxidation and reduction of cysteine residues in cellular proteins is the central concept in this complex regulatory mode of protein function. Oxidation of key cysteine residues occurs...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/3/180 |
| _version_ | 1797242011175092224 |
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| author | Tetiana Shcholok Eftekhar Eftekharpour |
| author_facet | Tetiana Shcholok Eftekhar Eftekharpour |
| author_sort | Tetiana Shcholok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Redox balance is increasingly identified as a major player in cellular signaling. A fundamentally simple reaction of oxidation and reduction of cysteine residues in cellular proteins is the central concept in this complex regulatory mode of protein function. Oxidation of key cysteine residues occurs at the physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but they are reduced by a supply of thiol antioxidant molecules including glutathione, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin. While these molecules show complex compensatory roles in experimental conditions, transgenic animal models provide a comprehensive picture to pinpoint the role of each antioxidant. In this review, we have specifically focused on the available literature on thioredoxin-1 system transgenic models that include thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase proteins. As the identification of thioredoxin protein targets is technically challenging, the true contribution of this system in maintaining cellular balance remains unidentified, including the role of this system in the brain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:32:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a78f708483145e3a907e0310cd356f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:32:26Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a78f708483145e3a907e0310cd356f02024-03-27T13:22:13ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-03-0113318010.3390/biology13030180Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine ModelsTetiana Shcholok0Eftekhar Eftekharpour1Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 631-BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, CanadaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 631-BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, CanadaRedox balance is increasingly identified as a major player in cellular signaling. A fundamentally simple reaction of oxidation and reduction of cysteine residues in cellular proteins is the central concept in this complex regulatory mode of protein function. Oxidation of key cysteine residues occurs at the physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but they are reduced by a supply of thiol antioxidant molecules including glutathione, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin. While these molecules show complex compensatory roles in experimental conditions, transgenic animal models provide a comprehensive picture to pinpoint the role of each antioxidant. In this review, we have specifically focused on the available literature on thioredoxin-1 system transgenic models that include thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase proteins. As the identification of thioredoxin protein targets is technically challenging, the true contribution of this system in maintaining cellular balance remains unidentified, including the role of this system in the brain.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/3/180redox balancethiol antioxidantstransgenic modelsbrainheartliver |
| spellingShingle | Tetiana Shcholok Eftekhar Eftekharpour Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models Biology redox balance thiol antioxidants transgenic models brain heart liver |
| title | Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models |
| title_full | Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models |
| title_short | Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models |
| title_sort | insights into the multifaceted roles of thioredoxin 1 system exploring knockout murine models |
| topic | redox balance thiol antioxidants transgenic models brain heart liver |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/3/180 |
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