Neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis
BackgroundElevated rates of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use are observed in both patients with psychotic disorders and individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and strong genetic associations exist between substance use disorders and schizophrenia. While individuals with 22q11.2 d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1143315/full |
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| author | Carolyn M. Amir Simon Kapler Gil D. Hoftman Leila Kushan Jamie Zinberg Kristin S. Cadenhead Leda Kennedy Barbara A. Cornblatt Matcheri Keshavan Daniel H. Mathalon Diana O. Perkins William Stone Ming T. Tsuang Ming T. Tsuang Elaine F. Walker Scott W. Woods Tyrone D. Cannon Jean Addington Carrie E. Bearden Carrie E. Bearden |
| author_facet | Carolyn M. Amir Simon Kapler Gil D. Hoftman Leila Kushan Jamie Zinberg Kristin S. Cadenhead Leda Kennedy Barbara A. Cornblatt Matcheri Keshavan Daniel H. Mathalon Diana O. Perkins William Stone Ming T. Tsuang Ming T. Tsuang Elaine F. Walker Scott W. Woods Tyrone D. Cannon Jean Addington Carrie E. Bearden Carrie E. Bearden |
| author_sort | Carolyn M. Amir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundElevated rates of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use are observed in both patients with psychotic disorders and individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and strong genetic associations exist between substance use disorders and schizophrenia. While individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDel) are at increased genetic risk for psychosis, initial evidence suggests that they have strikingly low rates of substance use. In the current study, we aimed to directly compare substance use patterns and their neurobehavioral correlates in genetic and clinical high-risk cohorts.MethodsData on substance use frequency and severity, clinical symptoms, and neurobehavioral measures were collected at baseline and at 12-month follow-up visits in two prospective longitudinal cohorts: participants included 89 22qDel carriers and 65 age and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls (40.67% male, Mage = 19.26 ± 7.84 years) and 1,288 CHR-P youth and 371 matched TD controls from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study-2 and 3 (55.74% male; Mage = 18.71 ± 4.27 years). Data were analyzed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally using linear mixed effects models.ResultsControlling for age, sex, and site, CHR-P individuals had significantly elevated rates of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use relative to TD controls, whereas 22qDel had significantly lower rates. Increased substance use in CHR-P individuals was associated with increased psychosis symptom severity, dysphoric mood, social functioning, and IQ, while higher social anhedonia was associated with lower substance use across all domains at baseline. These patterns persisted when we investigated these relationships longitudinally over one-year. CHR-P youth exhibited significantly increased positive psychosis symptoms, dysphoric mood, social functioning, social anhedonia, and IQ compared to 22qDel carriers, and lower rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to 22qDel carriers, both at baseline and at 1 year follow-up.ConclusionIndividuals at genetic and CHR-P have strikingly different patterns of substance use. Factors such as increased neurodevelopmental symptoms (lower IQ, higher rates of ASD) and poorer social functioning in 22qDel may help explain this distinction from substance use patterns observed in CHR-P individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:11:38Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:11:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a9a5d57faa949ce9a94dd9e1750b6d42023-04-20T05:58:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402023-04-011410.3389/fpsyt.2023.11433151143315Neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosisCarolyn M. Amir0Simon Kapler1Gil D. Hoftman2Leila Kushan3Jamie Zinberg4Kristin S. Cadenhead5Leda Kennedy6Barbara A. Cornblatt7Matcheri Keshavan8Daniel H. Mathalon9Diana O. Perkins10William Stone11Ming T. Tsuang12Ming T. Tsuang13Elaine F. Walker14Scott W. Woods15Tyrone D. Cannon16Jean Addington17Carrie E. Bearden18Carrie E. Bearden19Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (SFVA) Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United StatesInstitute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDepartments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States0Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States1Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States2Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United StatesBackgroundElevated rates of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use are observed in both patients with psychotic disorders and individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and strong genetic associations exist between substance use disorders and schizophrenia. While individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDel) are at increased genetic risk for psychosis, initial evidence suggests that they have strikingly low rates of substance use. In the current study, we aimed to directly compare substance use patterns and their neurobehavioral correlates in genetic and clinical high-risk cohorts.MethodsData on substance use frequency and severity, clinical symptoms, and neurobehavioral measures were collected at baseline and at 12-month follow-up visits in two prospective longitudinal cohorts: participants included 89 22qDel carriers and 65 age and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls (40.67% male, Mage = 19.26 ± 7.84 years) and 1,288 CHR-P youth and 371 matched TD controls from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study-2 and 3 (55.74% male; Mage = 18.71 ± 4.27 years). Data were analyzed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally using linear mixed effects models.ResultsControlling for age, sex, and site, CHR-P individuals had significantly elevated rates of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use relative to TD controls, whereas 22qDel had significantly lower rates. Increased substance use in CHR-P individuals was associated with increased psychosis symptom severity, dysphoric mood, social functioning, and IQ, while higher social anhedonia was associated with lower substance use across all domains at baseline. These patterns persisted when we investigated these relationships longitudinally over one-year. CHR-P youth exhibited significantly increased positive psychosis symptoms, dysphoric mood, social functioning, social anhedonia, and IQ compared to 22qDel carriers, and lower rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to 22qDel carriers, both at baseline and at 1 year follow-up.ConclusionIndividuals at genetic and CHR-P have strikingly different patterns of substance use. Factors such as increased neurodevelopmental symptoms (lower IQ, higher rates of ASD) and poorer social functioning in 22qDel may help explain this distinction from substance use patterns observed in CHR-P individuals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1143315/full22q11.2 deletion syndromeclinical high risk for psychosis (CHR)psychosissubstance usecannabis |
| spellingShingle | Carolyn M. Amir Simon Kapler Gil D. Hoftman Leila Kushan Jamie Zinberg Kristin S. Cadenhead Leda Kennedy Barbara A. Cornblatt Matcheri Keshavan Daniel H. Mathalon Diana O. Perkins William Stone Ming T. Tsuang Ming T. Tsuang Elaine F. Walker Scott W. Woods Tyrone D. Cannon Jean Addington Carrie E. Bearden Carrie E. Bearden Neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis Frontiers in Psychiatry 22q11.2 deletion syndrome clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) psychosis substance use cannabis |
| title | Neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis |
| title_full | Neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis |
| title_fullStr | Neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis |
| title_short | Neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis |
| title_sort | neurobehavioral risk factors influence prevalence and severity of hazardous substance use in youth at genetic and clinical high risk for psychosis |
| topic | 22q11.2 deletion syndrome clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) psychosis substance use cannabis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1143315/full |
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