Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types
Dromedary camels are outstanding livestock that developed efficient abilities to tolerate desert conditions. Many dromedary camel-types (i.e., named populations) exist but lack defined specific breed standards, registries, and breeders’ governing organizations. The breed status of dromedary camel-ty...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.723964/full |
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| author | Randa Alaqeely Bader H. Alhajeri Faisal Almathen Faisal Almathen Hasan Alhaddad |
| author_facet | Randa Alaqeely Bader H. Alhajeri Faisal Almathen Faisal Almathen Hasan Alhaddad |
| author_sort | Randa Alaqeely |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dromedary camels are outstanding livestock that developed efficient abilities to tolerate desert conditions. Many dromedary camel-types (i.e., named populations) exist but lack defined specific breed standards, registries, and breeders’ governing organizations. The breed status of dromedary camel-types can partly be assessed by exploring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the breed status and the inter-population relationships of dromedary camel-types by analyzing sequence variation in the mtDNA control region and in three coding genes [cytochrome b, threonine, and proline tRNA, and part of the displacement loop (D-loop)] (867 bp region). Tail hair samples (n = 119) that represent six camel-types from Kuwait were collected, extracted, sequenced, and compared to other publicly available sequences (n = 853). Within the sequenced mitochondrial region, 48 polymorphic sites were identified that contributed to 82 unique haplotypes across 37 camel-types. Haplotype names and identities were updated to avoid previous discrepancies. When all sequences were combined (n = 972), a nucleotide diversity of 0.0026 and a haplotype diversity of 0.725 was observed across the dromedary-types. Two major haplogroups (A and B) were identified and the B1 haplotype was predominant and found in almost all dromedary-types whereas the A haplotypes were more abundant in African regions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed an increased similarity among Arabian Peninsula “Mezayen” camel-types, despite their defining coat colors. The relationships among dromedary camel-types can partly be explained by mtDNA. Future work aimed at a deeper understanding of camel-type breed status should focus on a high number of nuclear markers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:29:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a9c01852a4c4df3894fe7815588f457 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:29:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a9c01852a4c4df3894fe7815588f4572022-12-21T19:11:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212021-08-011210.3389/fgene.2021.723964723964Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-TypesRanda Alaqeely0Bader H. Alhajeri1Faisal Almathen2Faisal Almathen3Hasan Alhaddad4Department of Biological Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, KuwaitDepartment of Biological Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, KuwaitDepartment of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaThe Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, KuwaitDromedary camels are outstanding livestock that developed efficient abilities to tolerate desert conditions. Many dromedary camel-types (i.e., named populations) exist but lack defined specific breed standards, registries, and breeders’ governing organizations. The breed status of dromedary camel-types can partly be assessed by exploring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the breed status and the inter-population relationships of dromedary camel-types by analyzing sequence variation in the mtDNA control region and in three coding genes [cytochrome b, threonine, and proline tRNA, and part of the displacement loop (D-loop)] (867 bp region). Tail hair samples (n = 119) that represent six camel-types from Kuwait were collected, extracted, sequenced, and compared to other publicly available sequences (n = 853). Within the sequenced mitochondrial region, 48 polymorphic sites were identified that contributed to 82 unique haplotypes across 37 camel-types. Haplotype names and identities were updated to avoid previous discrepancies. When all sequences were combined (n = 972), a nucleotide diversity of 0.0026 and a haplotype diversity of 0.725 was observed across the dromedary-types. Two major haplogroups (A and B) were identified and the B1 haplotype was predominant and found in almost all dromedary-types whereas the A haplotypes were more abundant in African regions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed an increased similarity among Arabian Peninsula “Mezayen” camel-types, despite their defining coat colors. The relationships among dromedary camel-types can partly be explained by mtDNA. Future work aimed at a deeper understanding of camel-type breed status should focus on a high number of nuclear markers.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.723964/fullcamelmtDNAhaplogrouppolymorphismpopulation |
| spellingShingle | Randa Alaqeely Bader H. Alhajeri Faisal Almathen Faisal Almathen Hasan Alhaddad Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types Frontiers in Genetics camel mtDNA haplogroup polymorphism population |
| title | Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types |
| title_full | Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types |
| title_short | Mitochondrial Sequence Variation, Haplotype Diversity, and Relationships Among Dromedary Camel-Types |
| title_sort | mitochondrial sequence variation haplotype diversity and relationships among dromedary camel types |
| topic | camel mtDNA haplogroup polymorphism population |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.723964/full |
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