Ebola Virus Causes Intestinal Tract Architectural Disruption and Bacterial Invasion in Non-Human Primates
In the 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola Virus (EBOV) outbreak, there was a significant concern raised about the potential for secondary bacterial infection originating from the gastrointestinal tract, which led to the empiric treatment of many patients with antibiotics. This retrospective patho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/10/513 |
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| author | Ronald B. Reisler Xiankun Zeng Christopher W. Schellhase Jeremy J. Bearss Travis K. Warren John C. Trefry George W. Christopher Mark G. Kortepeter Sina Bavari Anthony P. Cardile |
| author_facet | Ronald B. Reisler Xiankun Zeng Christopher W. Schellhase Jeremy J. Bearss Travis K. Warren John C. Trefry George W. Christopher Mark G. Kortepeter Sina Bavari Anthony P. Cardile |
| author_sort | Ronald B. Reisler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola Virus (EBOV) outbreak, there was a significant concern raised about the potential for secondary bacterial infection originating from the gastrointestinal tract, which led to the empiric treatment of many patients with antibiotics. This retrospective pathology case series summarizes the gastrointestinal pathology observed in control animals in the rhesus EBOV-Kikwit intramuscular 1000 plaque forming unit infection model. All 31 Non-human primates (NHPs) exhibited lymphoid depletion of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) but the severity and the specific location of the depletion varied. Mesenteric lymphoid depletion and necrosis were present in 87% (27/31) of NHPs. There was mucosal barrier disruption of the intestinal tract with mucosal necrosis and/or ulceration most notably in the duodenum (16%), cecum (16%), and colon (29%). In the intestinal tract, hemorrhage was noted most frequently in the duodenum (52%) and colon (45%). There were focal areas of bacterial submucosal invasion in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in 9/31 (29%) of NHPs. Only 2/31 (6%) had evidence of pancreatic necrosis. One NHP (3%) experienced jejunal intussusception which may have been directly related to EBOV. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated EBOV antigen in CD68+ macrophage/monocytes and endothelial cells in areas of GI vascular injury or necrosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:17:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a9de13dfeff4087a84871d817d8ebac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:17:59Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a9de13dfeff4087a84871d817d8ebac2022-12-22T03:35:27ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152018-09-01101051310.3390/v10100513v10100513Ebola Virus Causes Intestinal Tract Architectural Disruption and Bacterial Invasion in Non-Human PrimatesRonald B. Reisler0Xiankun Zeng1Christopher W. Schellhase2Jeremy J. Bearss3Travis K. Warren4John C. Trefry5George W. Christopher6Mark G. Kortepeter7Sina Bavari8Anthony P. Cardile9US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USAUS Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USAUS Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USAUS Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USAUS Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USABacterial Respiratory and Medical Countermeasures Branch, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USAJoint Program Management Office, Medical Countermeasure Systems, 1564 Freedman Drive, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USAUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, NE 68198, USAUS Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USAUS Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USAIn the 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola Virus (EBOV) outbreak, there was a significant concern raised about the potential for secondary bacterial infection originating from the gastrointestinal tract, which led to the empiric treatment of many patients with antibiotics. This retrospective pathology case series summarizes the gastrointestinal pathology observed in control animals in the rhesus EBOV-Kikwit intramuscular 1000 plaque forming unit infection model. All 31 Non-human primates (NHPs) exhibited lymphoid depletion of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) but the severity and the specific location of the depletion varied. Mesenteric lymphoid depletion and necrosis were present in 87% (27/31) of NHPs. There was mucosal barrier disruption of the intestinal tract with mucosal necrosis and/or ulceration most notably in the duodenum (16%), cecum (16%), and colon (29%). In the intestinal tract, hemorrhage was noted most frequently in the duodenum (52%) and colon (45%). There were focal areas of bacterial submucosal invasion in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in 9/31 (29%) of NHPs. Only 2/31 (6%) had evidence of pancreatic necrosis. One NHP (3%) experienced jejunal intussusception which may have been directly related to EBOV. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated EBOV antigen in CD68+ macrophage/monocytes and endothelial cells in areas of GI vascular injury or necrosis.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/10/513Ebola virusintestinal tractrhesus macaqueMacaca mulattakikwitnecrosishemorrhagebacterial translocationantibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Ronald B. Reisler Xiankun Zeng Christopher W. Schellhase Jeremy J. Bearss Travis K. Warren John C. Trefry George W. Christopher Mark G. Kortepeter Sina Bavari Anthony P. Cardile Ebola Virus Causes Intestinal Tract Architectural Disruption and Bacterial Invasion in Non-Human Primates Viruses Ebola virus intestinal tract rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta kikwit necrosis hemorrhage bacterial translocation antibiotics |
| title | Ebola Virus Causes Intestinal Tract Architectural Disruption and Bacterial Invasion in Non-Human Primates |
| title_full | Ebola Virus Causes Intestinal Tract Architectural Disruption and Bacterial Invasion in Non-Human Primates |
| title_fullStr | Ebola Virus Causes Intestinal Tract Architectural Disruption and Bacterial Invasion in Non-Human Primates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ebola Virus Causes Intestinal Tract Architectural Disruption and Bacterial Invasion in Non-Human Primates |
| title_short | Ebola Virus Causes Intestinal Tract Architectural Disruption and Bacterial Invasion in Non-Human Primates |
| title_sort | ebola virus causes intestinal tract architectural disruption and bacterial invasion in non human primates |
| topic | Ebola virus intestinal tract rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta kikwit necrosis hemorrhage bacterial translocation antibiotics |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/10/513 |
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