Solubilized melanin suppresses macrophage function
Melanin‐producing Cryptococcus and Aspergillus are highly invasive and can suppress or escape the immune system of the host. Since non‐melanin‐producing strains do not affect the immune system, melanin may play a role in immune system suppression. Artificial melanin synthesized using conventional me...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2019-04-01
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| Series: | FEBS Open Bio |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12615 |
| _version_ | 1797821924551688192 |
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| author | Katsuya Tajima Daisuke Yamanaka Ken‐ichi Ishibashi Yoshiyuki Adachi Naohito Ohno |
| author_facet | Katsuya Tajima Daisuke Yamanaka Ken‐ichi Ishibashi Yoshiyuki Adachi Naohito Ohno |
| author_sort | Katsuya Tajima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Melanin‐producing Cryptococcus and Aspergillus are highly invasive and can suppress or escape the immune system of the host. Since non‐melanin‐producing strains do not affect the immune system, melanin may play a role in immune system suppression. Artificial melanin synthesized using conventional methods is insoluble, making structural and functional analysis of this chemical difficult. In this study, we describe a melanin solubilization method based on polymerization of homogentisic acid (solubilizing component) and an equivalent amount of L‐DOPA in the presence of laccase. In addition, we investigated the effect of melanin on the immune system. Homogentisic acid and L‐DOPA mixed melanin (HALD), the synthetic solubilized melanin, did not exert a cytotoxic effect on mouse macrophages. HALD suppressed cytokine and reactive oxygen species production by macrophages when they were stimulated by fungal components. HALD also suppressed the phagocytosis of fungal components by macrophages. These results suggest that HALD can suppress the function of macrophages without causing cytotoxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:59:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8aa8b305dc514fa3ad4597699075182a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-5463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:59:52Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | FEBS Open Bio |
| spelling | doaj.art-8aa8b305dc514fa3ad4597699075182a2023-05-23T06:46:21ZengWileyFEBS Open Bio2211-54632019-04-019479180010.1002/2211-5463.12615Solubilized melanin suppresses macrophage functionKatsuya Tajima0Daisuke Yamanaka1Ken‐ichi Ishibashi2Yoshiyuki Adachi3Naohito Ohno4Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji JapanTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji JapanTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji JapanTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji JapanTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Hachioji JapanMelanin‐producing Cryptococcus and Aspergillus are highly invasive and can suppress or escape the immune system of the host. Since non‐melanin‐producing strains do not affect the immune system, melanin may play a role in immune system suppression. Artificial melanin synthesized using conventional methods is insoluble, making structural and functional analysis of this chemical difficult. In this study, we describe a melanin solubilization method based on polymerization of homogentisic acid (solubilizing component) and an equivalent amount of L‐DOPA in the presence of laccase. In addition, we investigated the effect of melanin on the immune system. Homogentisic acid and L‐DOPA mixed melanin (HALD), the synthetic solubilized melanin, did not exert a cytotoxic effect on mouse macrophages. HALD suppressed cytokine and reactive oxygen species production by macrophages when they were stimulated by fungal components. HALD also suppressed the phagocytosis of fungal components by macrophages. These results suggest that HALD can suppress the function of macrophages without causing cytotoxicity.https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12615AspergillusCryptococcuslaccaseL‐DOPAmacrophagemelanin |
| spellingShingle | Katsuya Tajima Daisuke Yamanaka Ken‐ichi Ishibashi Yoshiyuki Adachi Naohito Ohno Solubilized melanin suppresses macrophage function FEBS Open Bio Aspergillus Cryptococcus laccase L‐DOPA macrophage melanin |
| title | Solubilized melanin suppresses macrophage function |
| title_full | Solubilized melanin suppresses macrophage function |
| title_fullStr | Solubilized melanin suppresses macrophage function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solubilized melanin suppresses macrophage function |
| title_short | Solubilized melanin suppresses macrophage function |
| title_sort | solubilized melanin suppresses macrophage function |
| topic | Aspergillus Cryptococcus laccase L‐DOPA macrophage melanin |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12615 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katsuyatajima solubilizedmelaninsuppressesmacrophagefunction AT daisukeyamanaka solubilizedmelaninsuppressesmacrophagefunction AT kenichiishibashi solubilizedmelaninsuppressesmacrophagefunction AT yoshiyukiadachi solubilizedmelaninsuppressesmacrophagefunction AT naohitoohno solubilizedmelaninsuppressesmacrophagefunction |