IRRIGATION QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN DISTRICT MULTAN
Water is the basic resource for agricultural production to provide food and feed to humans and livestock and ultimately to livelihood of the people. The productivity of agricultural crop depends on water quality. The irrigation water containing hazardous and higher concentrations of salts affects t...
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| 格式: | 文件 |
| 语言: | English |
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Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam
2015-12-01
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| 丛编: | Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering & Veterinary Sciences |
| 主题: | |
| 在线阅读: | https://pjaaevs.sau.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/99 |
| _version_ | 1827898416387063808 |
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| author | N. Ahmed M. A. Ali M. K. Rashid S. Noreen B. Butt |
| author_facet | N. Ahmed M. A. Ali M. K. Rashid S. Noreen B. Butt |
| author_sort | N. Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Water is the basic resource for agricultural production to provide food and feed to humans and livestock and ultimately to livelihood of the people. The productivity of agricultural crop depends on water quality. The irrigation water containing hazardous and higher concentrations of salts affects the crop yield to a far greater extent than any other environmental factors. Therefore, a field survey was conducted in three tahsils of Multan to determine the quality of underground water being pumped. In total, of 2686 water samples were collected. The water samples were analyzed for their salt constituents. Data for quality of irrigation were categorized, from electrical conductivity (EC) point of view : fit [(EC < 1000 µS cm-1), marginally fit (EC = 1000-1250 µS cm-1) and unfit (EC > 1250 µS cm-1)]; from residual sodium carbonate (RSC) point of view, fit (RSC < 1.25 me L-1), marginally fit ( RSC=1.25-2.5 me L-1) and unfit (RSC >2.5 me L-1) and from sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) point of view, fit (SAR< 6 mmol L-1) ½, marginally fit (SAR=6-10 mmol L-1) 1/2 and unfit (SAR >10 mmol L-1)1/2 . The results indicated that water samples in the percentage of 72.0, 62.7 and 54.4 in tehsils of Shuja Abad, Jalalpur Pir Wala and Multan, respectively were found unfit for irrigation purpose. Maximal percentage of 32.4 and minimal 11.6 of water samples were classified as fit samples in tehsil Multan and Shuja Abad, respectively. Thereby, 58.86 % water samples were considered unfit for irrigation purpose. Overall 64.4% and 5.1% water samples had EC and RSC above the permissible limits. The deleterious effects of salts could be mitigated by mixing of brackish water with surface canal water in various proportions and/or intermittent flushing of soil profile with good quality irrigation water. This practice may be carried out periodically to avoid economic yield losses.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:02:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8aabe77e0fe043449c653f6faa755579 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1023-1072 2663-7863 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:02:54Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering & Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8aabe77e0fe043449c653f6faa7555792023-07-19T07:45:34ZengSindh Agriculture University, TandojamPakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering & Veterinary Sciences1023-10722663-78632015-12-01312IRRIGATION QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN DISTRICT MULTANN. Ahmed0M. A. Ali1M. K. Rashid2S. Noreen3B. Butt4Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, PakistanDepartment of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, PakistanDepartment of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, PakistanInstitute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, PakistanDepartment of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Water is the basic resource for agricultural production to provide food and feed to humans and livestock and ultimately to livelihood of the people. The productivity of agricultural crop depends on water quality. The irrigation water containing hazardous and higher concentrations of salts affects the crop yield to a far greater extent than any other environmental factors. Therefore, a field survey was conducted in three tahsils of Multan to determine the quality of underground water being pumped. In total, of 2686 water samples were collected. The water samples were analyzed for their salt constituents. Data for quality of irrigation were categorized, from electrical conductivity (EC) point of view : fit [(EC < 1000 µS cm-1), marginally fit (EC = 1000-1250 µS cm-1) and unfit (EC > 1250 µS cm-1)]; from residual sodium carbonate (RSC) point of view, fit (RSC < 1.25 me L-1), marginally fit ( RSC=1.25-2.5 me L-1) and unfit (RSC >2.5 me L-1) and from sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) point of view, fit (SAR< 6 mmol L-1) ½, marginally fit (SAR=6-10 mmol L-1) 1/2 and unfit (SAR >10 mmol L-1)1/2 . The results indicated that water samples in the percentage of 72.0, 62.7 and 54.4 in tehsils of Shuja Abad, Jalalpur Pir Wala and Multan, respectively were found unfit for irrigation purpose. Maximal percentage of 32.4 and minimal 11.6 of water samples were classified as fit samples in tehsil Multan and Shuja Abad, respectively. Thereby, 58.86 % water samples were considered unfit for irrigation purpose. Overall 64.4% and 5.1% water samples had EC and RSC above the permissible limits. The deleterious effects of salts could be mitigated by mixing of brackish water with surface canal water in various proportions and/or intermittent flushing of soil profile with good quality irrigation water. This practice may be carried out periodically to avoid economic yield losses. https://pjaaevs.sau.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/99brackish waterdistrict multanECRSCSARunderground water |
| spellingShingle | N. Ahmed M. A. Ali M. K. Rashid S. Noreen B. Butt IRRIGATION QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN DISTRICT MULTAN Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering & Veterinary Sciences brackish water district multan EC RSC SAR underground water |
| title | IRRIGATION QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN DISTRICT MULTAN |
| title_full | IRRIGATION QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN DISTRICT MULTAN |
| title_fullStr | IRRIGATION QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN DISTRICT MULTAN |
| title_full_unstemmed | IRRIGATION QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN DISTRICT MULTAN |
| title_short | IRRIGATION QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER IN DISTRICT MULTAN |
| title_sort | irrigation quality of underground water in district multan |
| topic | brackish water district multan EC RSC SAR underground water |
| url | https://pjaaevs.sau.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/99 |
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