Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire among the caregivers of people with schizophrenia
IntroductionExpressed emotion refers to relatives' attitudes and emotional behaviors toward mentally ill family members. It is a robust predictor of patients' illness outcomes and caregivers' wellbeing in a wide range of mental disorders. However, expressed emotion has not been fully...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1200130/full |
| _version_ | 1797780029119135744 |
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| author | Yanan Peng Enhe Xiong Yan Li Lanjun Song Juzhe Xi |
| author_facet | Yanan Peng Enhe Xiong Yan Li Lanjun Song Juzhe Xi |
| author_sort | Yanan Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionExpressed emotion refers to relatives' attitudes and emotional behaviors toward mentally ill family members. It is a robust predictor of patients' illness outcomes and caregivers' wellbeing in a wide range of mental disorders. However, expressed emotion has not been fully explored in the Chinese context. One reason is the lack of reliable and cost-effective measurements. A reliable, valid, and user-friendly instrument is needed to support the research and clinical practice based on expressed emotion in China. This study aimed to translate, adapt, and examine the psychometric properties (factorial structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency reliability, and concurrent validity) of a Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire.MethodsA total of 248 caregivers participated in the study. A translation and back-translation procedure was applied to translate the Family Questionnaire into Chinese. We compared two models to examine the factor structure of the questionnaire by performing confirmatory factor analysis. We also conducted measurement invariance analysis to test whether the factor structure of the tool is invariant across male and female groups. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's α. The concurrent validity was examined by testing the predictivity of the expressed emotion on relevant outcomes with path analysis. We used the STROBE checklist to report.ResultsThe item-total correlation coefficients of the scale ranged from 0.375 to 0.752. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire displays the original two-factor structure (emotional overinvolvement and criticism; X2 = 335.50, df = 169, X2/df = 1.985, RMSEA = 0.063, SRMR = 0.058, CFI = 0.913, and TLI = 0.902). In addition, the two-factor structure was invariant across the male and female groups. The two subscales showed excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.92 for both emotional overinvolvement and criticism. The concurrent validity of the Chinese version was supported by the good predictivity of the two subscales to care burden, family function, and quality of life. All path coefficients were significant, and the absolute values of path coefficients ranged from 0.23 to 0.72.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measurement of expressed emotion in the Chinese context. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:38:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-8abf37a340a140fca99f2e5cbfe70bb12023-07-15T03:01:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-07-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.12001301200130Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire among the caregivers of people with schizophreniaYanan Peng0Enhe Xiong1Yan Li2Lanjun Song3Juzhe Xi4Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Positive Education China Academy (PECA) of Han-Jing Institute for Studies in Classics, Juzhe Xi's Master Workroom of Shanghai School Mental Health Service, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Positive Education China Academy (PECA) of Han-Jing Institute for Studies in Classics, Juzhe Xi's Master Workroom of Shanghai School Mental Health Service, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Positive Education China Academy (PECA) of Han-Jing Institute for Studies in Classics, Juzhe Xi's Master Workroom of Shanghai School Mental Health Service, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Positive Education China Academy (PECA) of Han-Jing Institute for Studies in Classics, Juzhe Xi's Master Workroom of Shanghai School Mental Health Service, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaIntroductionExpressed emotion refers to relatives' attitudes and emotional behaviors toward mentally ill family members. It is a robust predictor of patients' illness outcomes and caregivers' wellbeing in a wide range of mental disorders. However, expressed emotion has not been fully explored in the Chinese context. One reason is the lack of reliable and cost-effective measurements. A reliable, valid, and user-friendly instrument is needed to support the research and clinical practice based on expressed emotion in China. This study aimed to translate, adapt, and examine the psychometric properties (factorial structure, measurement invariance, internal consistency reliability, and concurrent validity) of a Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire.MethodsA total of 248 caregivers participated in the study. A translation and back-translation procedure was applied to translate the Family Questionnaire into Chinese. We compared two models to examine the factor structure of the questionnaire by performing confirmatory factor analysis. We also conducted measurement invariance analysis to test whether the factor structure of the tool is invariant across male and female groups. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's α. The concurrent validity was examined by testing the predictivity of the expressed emotion on relevant outcomes with path analysis. We used the STROBE checklist to report.ResultsThe item-total correlation coefficients of the scale ranged from 0.375 to 0.752. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire displays the original two-factor structure (emotional overinvolvement and criticism; X2 = 335.50, df = 169, X2/df = 1.985, RMSEA = 0.063, SRMR = 0.058, CFI = 0.913, and TLI = 0.902). In addition, the two-factor structure was invariant across the male and female groups. The two subscales showed excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.92 for both emotional overinvolvement and criticism. The concurrent validity of the Chinese version was supported by the good predictivity of the two subscales to care burden, family function, and quality of life. All path coefficients were significant, and the absolute values of path coefficients ranged from 0.23 to 0.72.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measurement of expressed emotion in the Chinese context.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1200130/fullcaregiversexpressed emotionpsychometricsschizophreniavalidation study |
| spellingShingle | Yanan Peng Enhe Xiong Yan Li Lanjun Song Juzhe Xi Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire among the caregivers of people with schizophrenia Frontiers in Public Health caregivers expressed emotion psychometrics schizophrenia validation study |
| title | Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire among the caregivers of people with schizophrenia |
| title_full | Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire among the caregivers of people with schizophrenia |
| title_fullStr | Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire among the caregivers of people with schizophrenia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire among the caregivers of people with schizophrenia |
| title_short | Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Family Questionnaire among the caregivers of people with schizophrenia |
| title_sort | psychometric properties of the chinese version of the family questionnaire among the caregivers of people with schizophrenia |
| topic | caregivers expressed emotion psychometrics schizophrenia validation study |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1200130/full |
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