| Summary: | ABSTRACT For the synergistic improvement of soil fertility and rice yields in a cold region, we investigated the effects of plastic mulching with different straw incorporation rates on the rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in a rice growing area of a cold region. The field experiment was conducted using the Jijing 88 rice cultivar, and set up four straw incorporated treatment: 20% (S1), 40% (S2), 60% (S3) and 100% (S4) under two conditions: mulching (M) and without mulching (NM). The results showed that under the same straw incorporation rates: (1) Plastic mulching increased the total soil nitrogen and organic matter contents while improving the grain yield; the yield increases were 2.8–14.9% in 2016 and 1.4–12.3% in 2017. (2) The mulched treatment improved the net photosynthetic rate, the maximum tiller number, the crop growth rate of the later growth stages, and the shoot dry weight. (3) The recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity of the nitrogen applications were all higher under the mulched treatment than under the non-mulched treatment. In a comparison of the different straw incorporation treatments, above three indicators consistently increased before they decreased, and significantly higher levels were reached under the 40% straw incorporation treatment with mulching than under the other treatments.
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